【摘要】：馬拉松是一種極具社會性和經(jīng)濟性價值的運動項目,當前馬拉松運動開展火熱,越來越多的人投身馬拉松運動當中。女子馬拉松是我國的潛優(yōu)勢項目,在國際性比賽競爭愈發(fā)激烈的情況下,我國女子在該項目上的競爭力卻在逐漸下降,當前幾乎沒有人能夠突破2:20:00這一成績,而且有許多優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員在比賽中并不能夠發(fā)揮出自身的真實水平。賽前訓(xùn)練階段是直接影響高水平運動員能否在比賽中達到最佳比賽狀態(tài)的重要階段,但是對優(yōu)秀馬拉松運動員賽前訓(xùn)練的研究甚少,如何在賽前階段進行科學(xué)合理的訓(xùn)練安排成為了困擾科研人員和教練員的一大難題。理論來源于實踐,我國優(yōu)秀運動員的訓(xùn)練經(jīng)驗對訓(xùn)練理論的升華有很大幫助,特別是優(yōu)秀運動員的成功案例。本研究嘗試通過收集并整理優(yōu)秀馬拉松運動員的賽前訓(xùn)練資料和近幾年我國優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員成功的賽前備戰(zhàn)案例,采用文獻資料法、調(diào)查法、觀察法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法、個案分析法,對我國5名優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員成功的賽前訓(xùn)練計劃進行研究,分別從賽前的階段劃分、訓(xùn)練內(nèi)容、方法、手段和負荷安排5個方面進行分析,探究我國優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員的賽前訓(xùn)練安排特征,并試圖從中發(fā)現(xiàn)一些規(guī)律,為我國女子馬拉松運動員備戰(zhàn)大賽提供一定的參考,促進馬拉松運動訓(xùn)練的發(fā)展。根據(jù)研究得出的結(jié)論如下:1.我國優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員在賽前訓(xùn)練階段的時間安排上,以70-80天的總時長為佳,并可根據(jù)賽前的訓(xùn)練目的和任務(wù)將賽前訓(xùn)練階段進一步劃分為賽前適應(yīng)強化期、強化期、調(diào)整期3個小階段,采用平原-高原-平原的賽前訓(xùn)練模式。2.賽前訓(xùn)練的內(nèi)容具有系統(tǒng)性和專項性,在整個賽前訓(xùn)練階段均沒有太大的變化,有氧訓(xùn)練貫穿整個階段,無氧訓(xùn)練和交叉訓(xùn)練也是提高賽前訓(xùn)練效果的必要元素。3.我國優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員在賽前普遍運用持續(xù)訓(xùn)練法、間歇訓(xùn)練法和組合訓(xùn)練法,該三種方法也基本貫穿整個賽前訓(xùn)練階段,其中大部分運動員以間歇訓(xùn)練法為主。4.賽前訓(xùn)練的手段具有連續(xù)性,常用的訓(xùn)練手段有1000-5000米跑、20-30公里跑,同時也會采用一些其他的常用訓(xùn)練手段,使訓(xùn)練手段較為多樣。5.我國優(yōu)秀女子馬拉松運動員在賽前訓(xùn)練階段主要是采用小負荷量多次數(shù)的訓(xùn)練方式來維持一定負荷量,以中小負荷強度為主,適當搭配大強度,并呈現(xiàn)出在有氧代謝的范圍內(nèi),提高負荷強度的訓(xùn)練比例的趨勢,延長維持高速跑的時間。
[Abstract]:Marathon is a kind of sport with social and economic value. At present, more and more people are engaged in marathon. The women's marathon is our country's latent advantage event, in the international competition increasingly fierce situation, our country woman's competition ability on this item actually is gradually declining, at present few people can break the 2:20:00 this one result, And there are many excellent women marathonists in the race can not play their true level. The stage of pre-competition training is an important stage that directly affects whether high level athletes can reach the best state of competition in the competition, but the research on pre-competition training of excellent marathon athletes is very few. How to carry on scientific and reasonable training arrangement in the pre-competition stage has become a big problem that puzzles the scientific research personnel and the coach. The theory comes from practice, and the training experience of the outstanding athletes in our country is of great help to the sublimation of the training theory, especially the successful cases of the outstanding athletes. This study attempts to collect and collate the pre-competition training data of excellent marathon runners and the successful pre-competition preparation cases of elite women marathon runners in China in recent years, and adopt the methods of literature, investigation, observation, mathematical statistics, etc. This paper studies the successful pre-competition training plan of five elite female marathon runners in China, and analyzes the five aspects of the pre-competition stage, training content, method, means and load arrangement, respectively. This paper probes into the characteristics of pre-competition training arrangement of elite female marathon runners in China, and tries to find out some rules from it, which can provide some references for Chinese women marathon runners to prepare for the competition and promote the development of marathon training. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The total time of 70-80 days is the best for Chinese elite women marathon runners in the pre-competition training stage, and the pre-competition training stage can be further divided into pre-competition adaptation strengthening period according to the purpose and task of pre-competition training. Adjustment period of 3 small stages, using the Plain-plateau-Plain pre-competition training model. 2. The content of pre-competition training is systematic and special, and there is no great change in the whole pre-competition training stage. Aerobic training runs through the whole stage. Anaerobic training and cross-training are also necessary elements to improve the effect of pre-competition training. 3. Chinese elite women marathon athletes generally use continuous training method, intermittent training method and combination training method before the competition. These three methods also basically run through the whole pre-competition training stage, and most of them mainly use intermittent training method. The means of pre-competition training have continuity, the commonly used training means are 1000-5000 meters running, 20-30 kilometers running, at the same time, some other common training means will be adopted, so that the training means are more diverse. 5. In the pre-competition training stage of Chinese elite women marathon athletes, they mainly adopt the training method of small load and many times to maintain a certain amount of load, with small and medium load intensity as the main factor, suitable combination of large intensity, and show that it is within the scope of aerobic metabolism. The trend of increasing the training proportion of load intensity and prolonging the duration of running at high speed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G822.8

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