【摘要】：國家體育總局從2010年以來成立了多個訓(xùn)練基地,并建立了競走國家青少年隊,目的是為國家隊和各省市隊培養(yǎng)后備人才做好保障工作,然而運用晨脈等簡單易得的生理生化指標(biāo)的研究還是比較少。文章主要通過對青少年運動員的生理生化指標(biāo)研究,以了解青少年競走運動員各項的身體機能指標(biāo)的變化規(guī)律,同時,摸索出青少年競走運動員的成績變化規(guī)律,找到適合青少年運動員的訓(xùn)練和生理生化監(jiān)控的方法,為我國后備人才的科學(xué)化、合理化訓(xùn)練提供參考。文章以競走國少隊(西體組)的6名重點運動員作為研究對象,首先在進入冬訓(xùn)前,在每周周日的清晨對6名運動員血液和尿液采樣進行機能狀態(tài)監(jiān)控指標(biāo)測試,測試的主要指標(biāo)有血尿素(BUN)、血紅蛋白(Hb)、血乳酸(BLA)、尿蛋白(Pro)等指標(biāo)作為初始數(shù)據(jù)。在冬訓(xùn)期間,每進行一次重點訓(xùn)練課,在課后對運動員血液和尿液采樣進行測試。在冬訓(xùn)后訓(xùn)練階段,每周對運動員進行一次測試來記錄下進入冬訓(xùn)后后運動員機能狀態(tài)監(jiān)控指標(biāo)的變化情況。最后使用Microsoft Excel 2010對數(shù)據(jù)進行錄入并分析。研究結(jié)果顯示:(1)整個冬訓(xùn)期間晨脈會出現(xiàn)一定程度的波動,經(jīng)過一段時間的適應(yīng)后可以恢復(fù)正常,并且也呈現(xiàn)了逐步降低的情況。(2)運動員的血紅蛋白含量在冬訓(xùn)期間是存在一定波動的,一定程度上較高的血紅蛋白水平有助于運動員取得更好的成績。(3)在不同負(fù)荷下產(chǎn)生的血乳酸數(shù)量不同,隨著訓(xùn)練能力的提高,所產(chǎn)生的血乳酸數(shù)量也會隨之不斷升高。(4)冬訓(xùn)期間血尿素出現(xiàn)較大幅度的波動,男子運動員較為平穩(wěn)整體波動范圍較小,而女子運動員則波動范圍較大。結(jié)論表明:(1)在冬訓(xùn)期間,運動員適應(yīng)訓(xùn)練的負(fù)荷,整個過程沒有出現(xiàn)過度疲勞。(2)在整個冬訓(xùn)期間,運動員的晨脈沒有出現(xiàn)高位持續(xù)的狀況。(3)運動員整體血紅蛋白呈現(xiàn)先上升或趨于平穩(wěn)的走向。(4)運動員的血乳酸指標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)總體先增大后減小的趨勢。(5)冬訓(xùn)期間血尿素指標(biāo)的波動會隨著訓(xùn)練逐漸恢復(fù)到正常范圍。(6)冬訓(xùn)期間,運動員訓(xùn)練后尿蛋白呈陽性,次日清晨基本恢復(fù)正常,沒有過度疲勞的發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:Since 2010, the State General Administration of Sports has set up several training bases and set up the National Youth team for Race Walking, with the aim of ensuring the training of reserve talents for the national team and the provincial and municipal teams. However, the use of morning pulse and other easy-to-obtain physiological and biochemical indicators are still relatively rare. Through the study of physiological and biochemical indexes of young athletes, this paper tries to understand the changing rules of body function indexes of juvenile walking athletes, and at the same time, finds out the regularity of performance changes of juvenile walking athletes. In order to provide reference for the scientific and rational training of reserve talents in our country, the methods of training and physiological and biochemical monitoring suitable for juvenile athletes are found. In this paper, six key athletes of the National and Junior Race Walking team (West Sports Group) were selected as the research objects. First of all, before entering winter training, the blood and urine samples of 6 athletes were tested on the function state monitoring index in the early morning of every Sunday. The main indexes were blood urea (BUN), hemoglobin (Hb), lactate (BLA), urine protein (Pro) and so on. During winter training, the athletes' blood and urine samples were tested after each key training session. In the stage of training after winter training, the athletes were tested once a week to record the changes of the monitoring indexes of the athletes' functional state after entering the winter training. Finally, Microsoft Excel 2010 is used to input and analyze the data. The results show that: (1) during the whole winter training period, the morning pulse fluctuates to a certain extent, and after a period of adaptation, it can return to normal. And it also showed a gradual decrease. (2) the hemoglobin content of athletes fluctuated during winter training. To a certain extent, higher hemoglobin level helps athletes to achieve better results. (3) the amount of blood lactic acid produced under different loads varies with the improvement of training ability. The amount of blood lactic acid produced will also increase with it. (4) during winter training, blood urea fluctuates by a large margin, while the fluctuation range of male athletes is relatively small, while that of female athletes is larger. The conclusions are as follows: (1) during winter training, athletes adapt to the load of training, and there is no excessive fatigue in the whole process. (2) during the whole winter training, (3) the overall hemoglobin of athletes first increased or tended to a steady trend. (4) the blood lactate index of athletes showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. (5) during winter training, the fluctuation of blood urea index will gradually return to normal range with training. (6) during winter training, The athletes showed positive urine protein after training and returned to normal in the morning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G821

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