【摘要】：籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)作為在一定的規(guī)則限制下,以其特殊的形式、方法和手段,進(jìn)行攻守對(duì)抗或娛樂表演的一種組織形式,現(xiàn)已演進(jìn)成為了現(xiàn)代競(jìng)技體育和大眾體育的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目�，F(xiàn)代籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展至今已成為了全世界范圍內(nèi)最受人們關(guān)注和喜愛的運(yùn)動(dòng)之一。而“投籃準(zhǔn)確”作為現(xiàn)代籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)中攻守對(duì)抗的核心和目的,是制勝的第一要素,其中,最為重要和常見的得分手段即為跳起投籃。鑒于現(xiàn)階段針對(duì)跳起投籃技術(shù)動(dòng)作的絕大部分研究均為同銜接動(dòng)作相結(jié)合的復(fù)合型動(dòng)作分析,以及只針對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)指標(biāo)或肌肉生物力學(xué)指標(biāo)中的某一項(xiàng)的定向研究,而較少將兩種指標(biāo)進(jìn)行同步分析和比較,故本研究即以運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)和人體肌肉表面肌電實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的方法,對(duì)中國(guó)國(guó)家男子籃球隊(duì)隊(duì)員、遼寧省男子籃球隊(duì)隊(duì)員和沈陽體育學(xué)院男子籃球?qū)Ｐ薨鄬W(xué)生等多名不同水平和運(yùn)動(dòng)等級(jí)的男子籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量和分析,針對(duì)其在空位跳投命中時(shí)所體現(xiàn)的差異進(jìn)行橫向比較,以進(jìn)一步通過男子籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在跳起投籃技術(shù)動(dòng)作中的運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)長(zhǎng)、速度變化、各關(guān)節(jié)角度變化、各肌肉積分肌電值和各肌肉激活時(shí)間特征等多方面的數(shù)據(jù),來研究此項(xiàng)技術(shù)動(dòng)作的運(yùn)動(dòng)生物力學(xué)方面的特點(diǎn)和本質(zhì)規(guī)律。通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試出的數(shù)據(jù),并結(jié)合視頻及相關(guān)理論的分析,得出以下結(jié)論:在持球緩沖階段,孫凱航出現(xiàn)重心下降后調(diào)整時(shí)間過長(zhǎng),前臂上舉和發(fā)力過早及髖關(guān)節(jié)變化幅度較小等問題,導(dǎo)致總體技術(shù)動(dòng)作的耗時(shí)過長(zhǎng)及發(fā)力的不協(xié)調(diào)。呂志俊的下肢關(guān)節(jié)緩沖幅度過小,導(dǎo)致后續(xù)起跳時(shí)發(fā)力薄弱。同時(shí),在主動(dòng)肌的發(fā)力能力和肌肉的退讓性工作方面,4名低水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員同2名高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間存在差距。在蹬地起跳階段,上肢擺動(dòng)的過程中,高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員的發(fā)力能力要好于低水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員。李金陽出現(xiàn)了肘關(guān)節(jié)屈曲程度過大,以及軀體姿態(tài)前傾,導(dǎo)致最后的出手角度過大。在騰空出手階段,郭艾倫的出手時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)小于其他運(yùn)動(dòng)員,各受試運(yùn)動(dòng)員的出手時(shí)機(jī)相對(duì)于騰空階段的總時(shí)長(zhǎng)差異不大。劉志軒的出手角度最接近最佳出手角度,且高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員的整體出手速度好于低水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員。低水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員在拮抗肌的控制能力方面相比于高水平運(yùn)動(dòng)員較差。
[Abstract]:Basketball, as an organizational form of offensive and defensive confrontation or entertainment performance under certain rules and with its special forms, methods and means, has evolved into a sport of modern competitive sports and mass sports. The development of modern basketball has become one of the most attention and favorite sports all over the world. "accurate shooting", as the core and purpose of offensive and defensive confrontation in modern basketball, is the first element of winning, among which, the most important and common means of scoring is jump shooting. In view of the fact that most of the current studies on jumping and shooting techniques are combined with cohesive movements, and orientation studies are directed at only one of the kinematics or muscle biomechanical indicators, And the two indexes were analyzed and compared synchronously, so this study combines kinematics experiment with electromyoelectric experiment of human muscle surface, to the members of the Chinese national men's basketball team. The members of Liaoning men's basketball team and the students of men's basketball specialized class in Shenyang Institute of physical Education, etc., were measured and analyzed by experiments. In order to compare the difference between the jumper and the jumper, the length of time, the change of speed and the angle of every joint of the male basketball player in the jumping shooting technique are further analyzed, and the results are as follows: (1) the change of the length of time, the change of the speed, the change of the angle of the joint. In order to study the characteristics and essential laws of motion biomechanics of this technique, the integral myoelectric value of each muscle and the characteristics of muscle activation time are studied. According to the experimental data, combined with the analysis of video and related theories, the following conclusions are drawn: in the buffer stage of holding the ball, Sun Kaihang's adjustment time is too long after the center of gravity drops. The problems of forearm lifting and exertion prematurely and the change range of hip joint are small, which results in the time-consuming and incongruity of the overall technical movement. Lu Zhijun's lower limb joint buffer amplitude is too small, resulting in subsequent takeoff when weak strength. At the same time, there is a gap between 4 low level athletes and 2 high level athletes. In the process of jumping on the ground, the ability of high level athletes is better than that of low level athletes in the process of upper limb swing. Li Jinyang appeared the elbow joint flexion degree is too big, and the body posture inclines, causes the final release angle to be too big. In the stage of emptying, Guo Allen's shot time is much smaller than that of other athletes, and there is little difference between the total time of each player's shooting time and the total time of the empty stage. Liu Zhixuan's angle of action is closest to the best angle, and the overall speed of high-level athletes is better than that of low-level athletes. The control ability of low-level athletes is worse than that of high-level athletes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G841

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