【摘要】：足球比賽負(fù)荷由外部負(fù)荷與內(nèi)部負(fù)荷構(gòu)成,兩種負(fù)荷形式是共變的統(tǒng)一體,是負(fù)荷的內(nèi)、外兩個(gè)方面,前者為因,后者為果。兩種形式對(duì)負(fù)荷的表達(dá)形式不同,因此其評(píng)定范式也不盡相同。外部負(fù)荷評(píng)價(jià)范式主要基于足球項(xiàng)目的專項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)特征,其過程為:首先對(duì)能夠反映專項(xiàng)特征的所有運(yùn)動(dòng)行為方式進(jìn)行歸類,然后對(duì)各類活動(dòng)形式的數(shù)量、持續(xù)時(shí)間、間歇特征等進(jìn)行度量并進(jìn)行分析評(píng)估。內(nèi)部負(fù)荷的評(píng)定范式主要基于比賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員機(jī)體的生理生化反應(yīng)以及能量代謝特征,其過程為:首先采集非正式比賽的生理生化指標(biāo),然后根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果對(duì)外部負(fù)荷導(dǎo)致的機(jī)體變化特征進(jìn)行度量并進(jìn)行分析評(píng)估。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)專項(xiàng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式、后者反映項(xiàng)目的能量代謝特征,二者共同構(gòu)成了足球項(xiàng)目的運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)荷評(píng)定范式,同時(shí)也是足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員體能訓(xùn)練的基本邏輯起點(diǎn)。通過系統(tǒng)分析表明,只有將內(nèi)、外負(fù)荷評(píng)定相結(jié)合,定性定量相結(jié)合才能更加系統(tǒng)完整的評(píng)價(jià)比賽負(fù)荷。整體上看足球比賽負(fù)荷是大強(qiáng)度有氧負(fù)荷,其外部負(fù)荷表現(xiàn)為:跑動(dòng)距離9 800~12 000 m,間歇時(shí)間為18.8~23.6 s;對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)部負(fù)為80‰~85‰HRmax,血乳酸6~13 mmol/L之間。大強(qiáng)度比賽負(fù)荷的外部負(fù)荷是由爆發(fā)性動(dòng)作構(gòu)成,中強(qiáng)度負(fù)荷由多次有球與對(duì)抗下跑動(dòng)構(gòu)成,小強(qiáng)度負(fù)荷主要由走和慢跑構(gòu)成,3個(gè)強(qiáng)度對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)部負(fù)荷分別為:85%~100%HRmax、血乳酸12~14 mmol/L;75%~84%HRmax,血乳酸8~12mmol/L;55%~74%HRmax,血乳酸在8mmo L/L以下。
[Abstract]:Soccer match load is composed of external load and internal load. The two forms of load are the unity of common change and the internal and external aspects of the load. The former is the cause and the latter is the result. The two forms of load expression are different, so the evaluation paradigm is not the same. The external load evaluation paradigm is mainly based on the special sports characteristics of football events. The process is as follows: firstly, it classifies all the sports behaviors that can reflect the special characteristics, and then it classifies the number and duration of all kinds of activities. The intermittent features are measured and evaluated. The internal load assessment paradigm is mainly based on the physiological and biochemical responses and energy metabolism characteristics of the athletes in the competition. The process is as follows: firstly, the physiological and biochemical indexes of the informal competition are collected. Then according to the data results, the characteristics of the body changes caused by external load are measured and evaluated. The former emphasizes the special sports form, the latter reflects the characteristics of energy metabolism of the project, and both of them constitute the sports load assessment paradigm of the football event, and are also the basic logical starting point of the physical fitness training of the football players. The system analysis shows that only by combining internal and external load assessment and qualitative and quantitative evaluation can the competition load be evaluated more systematically and completely. On the whole, the load of soccer match is a high-intensity aerobic load, the external load is as follows: the running distance is 9 800 ~ 12000 m, the interval time is 18.8 ~ 23.6 s, and the internal negative value is 80 鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2270382