【摘要】：研究目的:隨著生活質量的提高越來越多的人參與到體育鍛煉中,腰部是人體重要的部位,是許多動作的發(fā)力點,且腰部柔韌性也是限制人們運動的關鍵因素,其測量方法也多種多樣,至今未形成統(tǒng)一的、科學有效地方法,本研究希望通過對不同軀干彎曲方式下相關指標的研究,(1)探討腰部柔韌性的測量方法,是否向下最大程度體前屈柔韌性高,向后最大程度體前屈柔韌性也一樣高,是否相關生物力學指標與其具有同樣的變化趨勢,為腰部柔韌性測量提供參考;(2)探究腰部柔韌性高的受試者其豎脊肌彎曲放松特性是如何變化的,為下腰痛的研究提供參考依據。研究對象:本研究隨機抽取了11位來自山東師范大學體育學院的男同學,年齡:21.09±0.70歲,身高:179.36±10.65cm,體重:68.65±25.93kg,且這些受試者均未曾患有腰背部的疾病。研究方法:主要采用實驗法和數理統(tǒng)計法。用多通道表面肌電儀收集受試者在做向下最大程度體前屈、向后最大程度體前屈和體前屈到水平面這三種軀干彎曲伸展動作時,左右兩側豎脊肌的表面肌電信號變化情況;用數碼攝像機記錄受試者三種不同的軀干彎曲伸展動作,在按下攝像機進行錄像的同時用發(fā)光二極管觸控表面肌電開關,通過二極管的點亮和關閉來保證表面肌電與運動學錄像的同步,受試者分別進行三種體前屈實驗,每種方式做三組,三組實驗進行完畢后,受試者俯臥在海綿墊上,盡最大努力做仰體動作保持5秒,測試受試者的最大自主收縮。研究結果:(1)向下最大程度體前屈和向后最大程度體前屈時,軀干傾角和骨盆傾角比較中P0.05沒有顯著性差異,與環(huán)節(jié)1、環(huán)節(jié)2、環(huán)節(jié)3和環(huán)節(jié)4的彎曲角度比較中P0.05,軀干傾角α值、骨盆傾角β值、軀干傾角最大值以及表面肌電的開關角度在向下最大程度的體前屈時大于向后最大程度體前屈,向下最大程度體前屈肌電關閉時間明顯晚于向后最大程度體前屈,開啟時間早于向后最大程度體前屈。(2)向下最大程度體前屈柔韌性數值高的受試者在向后最大程度體前屈時柔韌性數值依然高,向下最大程度體前屈的柔韌性數值與環(huán)節(jié)1和環(huán)節(jié)2的彎曲角度比較中P0.05,所測的向下最大程度體前屈的柔韌性與骨盆傾角關系P0.05,向后最大程度體前屈的柔韌性數值與軀干傾角α、環(huán)節(jié)2的彎曲角度有顯著性相關(P0.05);向下最大程度體前屈與人體手掌的長度有相關性(顯著性數值P0.05,與其他人體指標無相關性,向后最大程度體前屈與手掌長、上臂長、前臂長、上身長、下身長等指標均沒有顯著性關系。結論:1)軀干在向下最大程度體前屈和向后最大程度體前屈兩種彎曲方式下,豎脊肌的工作時間均被延長,彎曲放松時間縮短,向下最大程度體前屈比向后最大程度體前屈豎脊肌的工作時間還要長。2)兩種方式下所測的柔韌性數值具有一致性;向后最大程度體前屈的柔韌性與軀干傾角的相關性大于向下最大程度體前屈與軀干傾角的相關性,兩種彎曲方式與骨盆傾角沒有相關性。3)向后最大程度體前屈的柔韌性數值與身體相關環(huán)節(jié)的長度均無相關性,向下最大程度體前屈的柔韌性數值與手掌長度有顯著性關系,與其他相關環(huán)節(jié)無關系。在平時的體育運動或雜技表演中,重復性地做兩種類似的軀干屈伸動作時,豎脊肌長時間得不到休息,韌帶筋膜被拉長,造成豎脊肌疲勞、韌帶松弛,容易患有下腰痛病癥。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: With the improvement of the quality of life, more and more people participate in physical exercise. The waist is an important part of human body and the starting point of many movements. And the flexibility of the waist is also a key factor limiting people's movement. There are various measuring methods. So far, there is no unified, scientific and effective method. This study hopes to pass. Study on the related indexes under different trunk bending modes. (1) Discuss the measurement methods of lumbar flexibility, whether the flexibility of the body is high down to the maximum degree, and the flexibility of the body is also high back to the maximum degree. Whether the related biomechanical indexes have the same changing trend with it, providing a reference for the measurement of lumbar flexibility. (2) Explore the measurement methods of lumbar flexibility. Subjects: Eleven male students from the School of Physical Education, Shandong Normal University, aged 21.09 (+ 0.70), were randomly selected. They were 179.36 (+ 10.65 cm) in height and 68.65 (+ 25.93 kg) in weight. Methods: Experimental and mathematical statistics methods were used to collect the surface electromyographic (EMG) signals of the right and left erector spines during the three bending and stretching movements of the trunk, i.e. bending forward, bending backward and bending forward to the horizontal plane. Three different torso bending and stretching movements were recorded with a digital camera. The subjects were recorded with a light-emitting diode (LED) to touch the surface electromyogram (EMG) switch while pressing the camera. The synchronization of surface EMG and kinematics video was ensured by lighting and closing the diode. Results: (1) There was no significant difference in trunk inclination and pelvic inclination between the two groups (P 0.05, P 0.05, P 1, P 0.05). Comparing the bending angles of segment 2, segment 3 and segment 4, the values of P 0.05, trunk tilt angle alpha, pelvic tilt angle beta, trunk tilt angle maxima and surface electromyographic switching angles were greater than those of backward maximal forward bending in the maximum downward bending, and the closing time of downward maximal forward bending was significantly later than that of backward maximal forward bending. The opening time was earlier than that of the backward maximal forward flexion. (2) The subjects with high downward maximal forward flexion still had high flexibility during the backward maximal forward flexion. There was a significant correlation between flexibility and pelvic inclination (P 0.05). The flexibility of backward maximum forward flexion and the bending angles of trunk inclination (P 0.05), link 2 (P 0.05). The length of human palm was correlated with downward maximum forward flexion (P 0.05), and there was no correlation with other human indexes. Conclusion: 1) The working time of the erector spine muscle was prolonged, the relaxation time was shortened, and the forward bending of the body was more vertical than the forward bending of the body. The flexibility values measured under the two methods were consistent; the correlation between the flexibility of backward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity was greater than that between downward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity; there was no correlation between the two bending methods and pelvic obliquity. 3) the flexibility of backward maximum forward bending was greater than that of downward maximum forward bending and trunk obliquity. There was no correlation between the resilience and the length of the related parts of the body, but there was a significant correlation between the resilience of the forward bending and the length of the palm of the hand. Ligament fascia is elongated, resulting in fatigue of the erector muscle, ligamentous laxity, and easily suffering from low back pain.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.6

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