【摘要】：研究目的: 研究表明國內(nèi)外老年人機體功能存在一定提高和改善的可能性,隨著我國老齡化加劇,加之老年健身運動仍處于初始階段,使得老年人改善、加強自身機能以及健身鍛煉問題變得迫在眉睫。基于此,本研究通過日常身體活動監(jiān)控方法,提高中老年人健康意識,預(yù)防慢性疾病發(fā)生率,進行國際比較和交流,驗證監(jiān)控方法的有效性,為促進日�；顒印⑻岣呓】邓�;通過運動行為干預(yù)、健康教育等適宜技術(shù)的開發(fā)試點,有助于進一步了解運動監(jiān)控和個性化的干預(yù)措施是否能夠有效促進健康,將有助于2型糖尿病、心腦血管疾病等慢性病的早期預(yù)防。研究方法: 研究對象為中日60-69歲女性各15位,平均年齡63.15±2.62歲,經(jīng)醫(yī)院檢測無嚴(yán)重慢性疾病,可參與實踐活的社區(qū)居民。干預(yù)前受試者佩戴三維加速器進行1周身體活動量檢測,了解受試者身體活動基線情況;干預(yù)過程,受試者連續(xù)佩戴三維加速器進行12周的身體活動量跟蹤記錄,每兩周上傳一次身體活動量數(shù)據(jù),并反饋給受試者。干預(yù)期間,要求受試者身體活動量目標(biāo)在基線水平上提升20%,每天完成10分鐘室內(nèi)健身操和連續(xù)10分鐘步行,同時綜合運用健康教育、與國際同齡人互動、設(shè)立獎勵機制等方法。干預(yù)結(jié)束后一年,受試者再次佩戴三維加速器進行1周身體活動量的跟蹤記錄并分析。受試者按研究要求實施,在干預(yù)前、后均進行定性調(diào)查(問卷調(diào)查)包括IPAQ短卷、基本信息調(diào)查與生活方式問卷調(diào)查,以了解家庭基本情況、身體健康狀況、飲食與運動習(xí)慣和對于新運動干預(yù)方式的理解;定量測試包括身高、體重、BMI、體脂率、肌肉量、血壓、安靜脈搏、腰圍、單腳閉眼站立、握力、坐位體前屈、5m通常步行時間、5m最大步行時間、10回椅子起坐時間、TUG等項目。同時,收集中國受試者干預(yù)前和干預(yù)后臨近時間的血液檢測指標(biāo):空腹血糖、餐后2小時血糖、糖化血紅蛋白、膽固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白。對受試者干預(yù)前、干預(yù)后、干預(yù)后一年的身體活動量數(shù)據(jù)以及體質(zhì)健康指標(biāo)、健康生活方式等進行統(tǒng)計分析,檢驗日常身體活動監(jiān)控方法的有效性。研究結(jié)果: 1.身體活動干預(yù)以后,受試者日均步行量比干預(yù)前提高了20%,且在結(jié)束后一年仍保持在干預(yù)期間的90%以上;且干預(yù)后,步行能量消耗百分比37.04%增至66.92%,中高強度步行能量消耗增幅為142.49%,遠(yuǎn)高于中高強度生活活動、低強度能量消耗;2.對比干預(yù)前后體質(zhì)測試數(shù)據(jù),顯示中國受試者體水分率、肌肉量、日本受試者體水分率均有所增加,有改善趨勢但無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,其他指標(biāo)變化無顯著性變化;干預(yù)后,中國受試者各項能力均有改善,其中坐位體前屈、TUG測試、5m最快速度步行時間有顯著性改善(p0.01);日本受試者的握力及坐位體前屈稍有下降,其他各項能力均有所改善,其中TUG測試有顯著性提升(p0.01)。3.身體活動干預(yù)后,中國受試者的空腹血糖、膽固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白有顯著性下降(p0.05),其他指標(biāo)變化較小;4.身體活動干預(yù)后,中國受試者飲酒、對飲食的注意程度、主觀健康評價及對運動的注意程度均有所提升,但日本受試者變化較小,整體情況生活方式方面有所改善運動干預(yù)后;中日受試者運動時的主觀感覺整體呈現(xiàn)變優(yōu)趨勢;受試者在下雪或下雨天氣下運動的信心增加較多,由19.23%增至53.85%。結(jié)論: 1.老年女性對身體活動干預(yù)方法接受度高,12周干預(yù)過程順利,干預(yù)后有效提高了受試者身體活動量,特別對提高中等強度以上身體活動量有積極作用;2.受試者生活方式和運動習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成起到了積極的影響作用,干預(yù)結(jié)束1年后,中國受試者仍保持較高的身體活動量水平;3.采用日常身體活動監(jiān)控手段促進了老年女性體脂率、體水分率、肌肉量等身體成分的改善,提高了老年女性步行能力和柔韌素質(zhì);4.老年女性保持適量的身體活動水平,有助于降低中國老年女性的血糖、膽固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平,對預(yù)防和減緩慢行疾病具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: The study shows that there is a possibility of improving the body function of the elderly both at home and abroad. With the aging of our country becoming more and more serious, and the old people's fitness exercise is still in the initial stage, it is urgent for the elderly to improve, strengthen their own functions and exercise. Controlling methods, improving health awareness of middle-aged and elderly people, preventing the incidence of chronic diseases, conducting international comparisons and exchanges, verifying the effectiveness of monitoring methods, in order to promote daily activities, improve health standards; through the development of appropriate techniques such as sports behavior intervention, health education pilot, help to further understand the sports monitoring and personalized intervention measures. Methods: Fifteen women aged 60-69 in China and Japan, with an average age of 63.15 [2.62], could participate in the early prevention of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. During the intervention, participants were asked to wear a three-dimensional accelerator for 12 weeks to track their physical activity, uploading the data of physical activity every two weeks and feeding it back to the subjects. One year after the intervention, the participants wore a three-dimensional accelerator again to track and analyze the amount of physical activity for one week. The participants performed the exercise according to the requirements of the study. Qualitative surveys (questionnaires) including short IPAQ, basic information and lifestyle questionnaires were conducted before and after the preparation to understand the basic family conditions, physical health, diet and exercise habits, and understanding of new exercise interventions; quantitative tests included height, weight, BMI, body fat rate, muscle mass, blood pressure, quiet pulse, waist circumference. Station with one foot closed eyes, grip strength, sitting position flexion, 5 m normal walking time, 5 m maximum walking time, 10 chair sitting time, TUG and other items. The results showed that: 1. After physical activity intervention, the average daily walking volume of the subjects was 20% higher than that before intervention. After the intervention, the percentage of walking energy expenditure increased from 37.04% to 66.92%, and the percentage of walking energy expenditure increased from 142.49% to 142.49%, which was much higher than that of high-intensity activities and low-intensity energy expenditure. Among them, sitting body flexion, TUG test, the quickest walking time of 5 m were significantly improved (p0.01), grip strength and sitting body flexion of Japanese subjects were significantly improved (p0.01). After physical activity intervention, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and low density lipoprotein in Chinese subjects decreased significantly (p0.05), other indicators changed slightly; 4. After physical activity intervention, Chinese subjects drank alcohol and injected diet. Meaning, subjective health assessment and attention to exercise all improved, but Japanese subjects changed little, and the overall situation and lifestyle improved after exercise intervention; Chinese and Japanese subjects showed an overall trend of improvement in subjective perception of exercise; subjects in snow or rainy weather exercise confidence increased more, from 19.23%. Conclusion: 1. Elderly women have a high acceptance of physical activity intervention methods, and the 12-week intervention process is smooth. After the intervention, the amount of physical activity of the subjects is effectively increased, especially the amount of physical activity above moderate intensity. 2. The lifestyle and exercise habits of the subjects play a positive role in the formation of intervention. After one year, the Chinese subjects still maintained a high level of physical activity; 3. The daily physical activity monitoring method promoted the improvement of body fat rate, body moisture rate, muscle mass and other body components of the elderly women, and improved the walking ability and flexibility of the elderly women; 4. The elderly women maintained a moderate level of physical activity, which helped to reduce the moderate. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein levels in elderly Chinese women are of great significance in preventing and reducing slow-moving diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.49

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