【摘要】：研究目的:對上海市部分高校攀巖運動員上、下肢Wingate無氧功率以及身體成分進行測定,闡述高校攀巖運動員的無氧代謝能力和身體形態(tài)特征;探討高校攀巖運動員上、下肢無氧功率、身體成分之間的相關性,為攀巖運動提高訓練效果、運動員初選材、教練員制定訓練計劃和訓練方法提供理論依據。研究方法:將42名青年男性分為運動員組和非運動員組。其中運動員組為21名高校攀巖運動員;非運動員組為健康的21名普通在校大學生。本實驗分為實驗室測定和運動場測定兩個部分,其中實驗室測定包括身體形態(tài)指標測定和上、下肢Wingate無氧功率測定;運動場測定為Powerslap測定。所有受試者24小時內無劇烈運動、睡眠充足,半年內無明顯傷病,體內無金屬移植物;兩組受試者身高、體重相匹配(p0.05)。結果:(1)運動員組的體脂率顯著低于非運動員組(p0.01);兩組BMI、去脂體重無顯著性差異(p0.05)。(2)運動員組的Powerslap測試高度、Powerslap系數均顯著高于非運動員組(p0.01)。(3)運動員組的上肢PP顯著高于非運動員組(p0.05),PP(W/kg)、AP、AP(W/kg)及MP均非常顯著高于非運動員組(p0.01),運動員組的t PP和PD顯著低于非運動員組(p0.01,p0.05)。(4)兩組的下肢Wingate無氧功率指標不存在統(tǒng)計學差異(p0.05)。結論:(1)運動員組上肢無氧功率指標顯著優(yōu)于非運動員組,且具有較強的無氧能力和爆發(fā)力。(2)兩組受試者上肢肌肉抗疲勞能力優(yōu)于下肢肌肉。(3)兩組下肢Wingate無氧功率指標不存在顯著性差異。建議:(1)身高、臂展可能對Powerslap測試成績具有一定的影響,應進行綜合對比、分析。(2)可嘗試將Wingate無氧實驗運用于攀巖運動的訓練,也可作為評價和監(jiān)測訓練效果的新方式。(3)將Wingate無氧實驗運用于實際訓練時,其內容和目的應該圍繞提高AP和降低PD來開展。
[Abstract]:Objective: to measure the anaerobic power and body composition of Wingate in the upper and lower limbs of some college climbers in Shanghai, to expound the anaerobic metabolic ability and body shape characteristics of college rock climbing athletes, and to explore the characteristics of the body shape of college rock climbing athletes. The correlation between the anaerobic power of lower limbs and body composition provides the theoretical basis for improving the training effect of rock climbing, selecting the initial material for athletes, and making training plan and training methods for coaches. Methods: 42 young men were divided into athlete group and non-athlete group. The athletes group is 21 college rock climbers and the non-athletes group is 21 normal college students. This experiment is divided into two parts: laboratory measurement and sports field measurement. The laboratory measurement includes body shape index, upper and lower limb Wingate anaerobic power measurement, sports field measurement is Powerslap measurement. All the subjects had no strenuous exercise within 24 hours, enough sleep, no obvious injury within half a year and no metal grafts. The height and weight of the two groups were matched (p0.05). Results: (1) the body fat rate of the athletes was significantly lower than that of the non-athletes (p0.01), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (p0.05). (2). The Powerslap test height of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes (p0.01). (3), and the PP of the upper limbs of the athletes was significantly higher than that of the non-athletes (p0.01). (3). Compared with the non-athletes group (p0.05), the PP (W/kg) AP (W/kg) and MP in the non-athletes group were significantly higher than those in the non-athlete group (p0.01). The Wingate anaerobic power of the lower extremities in the athletes group was significantly lower than that in the non-athlete group (p0.01p0.05). (4) (p0.05). Conclusion: (1) the index of anaerobic power in upper limb of athletes is significantly better than that of non-athletes. (2) the anti-fatigue ability of upper limb muscles was better than that of lower extremity muscles. (3) there was no significant difference in Wingate anaerobic power between the two groups. The suggestions are as follows: (1) height and arm exhibition may have a certain influence on the Powerslap test results, so we should make a comprehensive comparison and analysis. (2) We can try to apply the Wingate anaerobic experiment to the training of rock climbing. It can also be used as a new way to evaluate and monitor the training effect. (3) when Wingate anaerobic experiment is applied to actual training, its content and purpose should focus on improving AP and reducing PD.
【學位授予單位】：上海體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G881;G804.49

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