本文選題：100米跑 + 賽前準備活動��； 參考：《武漢體育學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：田徑運動在人類長期社會實踐和勞動中不斷發(fā)展起來的,因此田徑運動又稱為“運動之母”。近幾年來,田徑運動成績不斷提高,涌現(xiàn)出一大批優(yōu)秀運動員,世界紀錄不斷被改寫。這樣的發(fā)展趨勢促使教練員和運動員們不斷刻苦訓練,改進訓練技術(shù)和方法,跟上世界先進潮流。準備活動是田徑運動訓練和比賽中必不可少的環(huán)節(jié)。了解準備活動的作用和目的,合理安排賽前準備活動的時間、強度以及與正式比賽的時間間隔,正確選擇準備活動的內(nèi)容和形式,是每個教練員和運動員都應該認真重視和對待,更應該科學規(guī)劃。賽前準備活動做充足,不但可以提高大腦皮層和中樞神經(jīng)的興奮性,促進人體機能盡快進入工作狀態(tài)狀態(tài),而且還可以提高運動員的運動表現(xiàn)和競技能力水平的發(fā)揮,從而有利于達到預期的目標和創(chuàng)造良好的運動成績。本文通過文獻資料法、訪問調(diào)查法、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法和邏輯分析法等研究方法,對當前我國優(yōu)秀男子短跑運動員賽前準備活動的相關(guān)情況進行調(diào)查和研究。從影響準備活動的生理效應因素入手,通過對運動員賽前準備活動的時間、強度與正式比賽之間的間隔以及內(nèi)容和形式進行研究分析,從而得出以下結(jié)論:1、我們在安排賽前準備活動中內(nèi)容和形式上除了延續(xù)以往的形式和內(nèi)容,還應重視核心軀干的激活,加入有關(guān)核心軀干的練習,這樣我們的準備活動效果更好,更有利于運動員發(fā)揮最佳水平;2、運動員在安排賽前準備活動時間時,要根據(jù)實際情況來看,運動員的年齡和自身能力等因素來確定賽前準備活動的時間,根據(jù)各種實際情況在安排準備活動時可適當延長,但基本維持在70—90分鐘之間;3、在制定賽前準備活動時,從起始心率開始,逐漸增加運動強度,使機體克服生理惰性,逐漸適應比賽強度,進入工作狀態(tài),直至在加速跑環(huán)節(jié)接近或達到正式比賽強度,最后再緩慢降低,讓身體得到一定的休息和調(diào)整;4、在正式比賽前進行較短時間的休息有利于運動員創(chuàng)造較好的運動成績,研究表明賽前準備活動與正式比賽的時間間隔13分鐘更易發(fā)揮運動員最佳水平,取得更好成績。5、為了能更好的達到預期的運動效果,使運動員能創(chuàng)造更好的成績。在組織和安排賽前準備活動時,應按照全面性、科學性和針對性等原則。
[Abstract]:Track and field sports in human long-term social practice and labor continue to develop, so track and field sports also known as "the mother of sports." In recent years, track and field performance has been improved, a large number of outstanding athletes have emerged, the world record has been constantly rewritten. This trend urges coaches and athletes to train hard, improve training techniques and methods, and keep up with the world's advanced trends. Preparation is an essential part of track and field training and competition. Understand the role and purpose of the preparatory activities, arrange the time, intensity and time interval between the preparatory activities and the formal competition, and correctly select the content and form of the preparatory activities. It is every coach and athlete should take seriously and treat, more should plan scientifically. If we do enough pre-competition preparation activities, we can not only improve the excitability of the cerebral cortex and the central nervous system, promote the human body to enter the working state as soon as possible, but also improve the athletic performance and competitive ability of the athletes. This is conducive to achieving the desired goals and creating good sports results. Through the methods of literature, interview investigation, mathematical statistics and logic analysis, this paper investigates and studies the relevant situation of pre-competition preparation activities of elite male sprinters in China. Starting with the physiological effect factors affecting the preparation activities, this paper studies and analyzes the time, intensity, and the content and form of the pre-competition preparation activities of the athletes, as well as the interval between the intensity and the formal competition. From this we can draw the following conclusion: 1. In arranging the pre-match preparatory activities, we should not only continue the past forms and contents, but also attach importance to the activation of the core torso and join in the exercises on the core torso. In this way, our preparatory activities will have a better effect, and will be more conducive to the athletes playing their best level. When arranging pre-match preparation activities, athletes should look at the actual situation. The athlete's age and ability to determine the pre-competition preparation time, according to the actual situation in the arrangement of preparatory activities can be appropriately extended, but basically maintained in the 70-90 minutes, in the development of pre-competition preparation activities, Starting from the beginning of the heart rate, gradually increasing the intensity of the exercise, making the body overcome the physiological inertia, gradually adapt to the intensity of the competition, and enter the working state until it approaches or reaches the formal intensity of the race in the accelerated running link, and finally decreases slowly. Let the body get a certain rest and adjust. Taking a short rest before the formal competition is good for the athletes to create better sports results. The research shows that the interval of 13 minutes between pre-match preparation and formal competition is easier to play the best level of athletes and obtain better results. In order to achieve the expected results better athletes can create better results. In organizing and arranging the pre-competition preparation activities, the principles of comprehensiveness, scientificalness and pertinence should be followed.
【學位授予單位】：武漢體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G822.1

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