本文選題：幼兒 + 身體形態(tài)　； 參考：《青海師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：身體形態(tài)是最直觀直接反映人體體型特點的評價指標,而幼兒3~6歲時期是人體第一次快速生長發(fā)育階段,在縱向、橫向均有較快的發(fā)育速度,但是高度、寬度等快速發(fā)展在什么情況下是健康發(fā)展,需要用身體形態(tài)的各個指標來進行綜合評價。青海省作為高寒高海拔多民族匯聚的地區(qū),幼兒人群的成長環(huán)境較為特殊。自1995年《全民健身計劃綱要》頒布以來,從2000年開始全國各省市全面開展每五年一次的國民體質監(jiān)測,截止至2014年共進行4次。本研究正是通過自1995年后,2000—2014年間青海省國民體質監(jiān)測中幼兒身體形態(tài)監(jiān)測結果,運用數理統(tǒng)計法、邏輯分析法、建模分析法,分析總結出青海省在特殊的地理環(huán)境條件下,幼兒人群在身體形態(tài)上的連續(xù)動態(tài)變化,對已經過去的情況做合理的評價,建立模型對未來的發(fā)展趨勢進行預測,并且與全國以及內地平原地區(qū)同齡幼兒進行比較找出優(yōu)勢和不足。研究結論:1、從總體情況來看,2000—2014年間青海省幼兒基本形態(tài)指標,包括身高、體重、坐高、胸圍均呈現隨年份增加逐漸升高的趨勢,差異顯著;以每一年為節(jié)點,表現為增幅幼男大于幼女,同時均值幼男高于幼女。在反應脂肪分布與堆積情況的形態(tài)指標,包括上臂皮褶、肩胛皮褶、腹部皮褶均呈現隨年份增加先降低后升高趨勢,在2010年達到最低水平,以每一年為節(jié)點,表現為幼男低于幼女。2、從城鄉(xiāng)比較來看,各指標城鄉(xiāng)幼兒人群均呈現隨年份增加逐漸升高的趨勢,除體重在2010年達到最高值,至2014年有所下降但仍高于2000年水平外,其余指標均為2014達到最高值。無論在增長幅度還是平均均值,均體現為城鎮(zhèn)高于鄉(xiāng)村,幼男高于幼女。3、從體質達標率來看,20年來青海省幼兒體質達標率在合格以上的,總體呈現隨年份增加體質越來越好的趨勢,并且幼兒男子體質合格率要略低于幼兒女子;體質達標率在不合格的,總體呈隨年份增加人數越來越低的趨勢。以城鄉(xiāng)體質達標率比較來看,總體表現為城鎮(zhèn)好于農村,但隨著年份的增加,城鄉(xiāng)差距越來越小。4、與全國同齡水平比較來看,除皮褶厚度高于全國水平外,其他均低于全國平均水平,其中身高、胸圍、皮褶厚度三項指標幼男差距大于幼女,其他指標幼男差距小于幼女。5、通過數學建�；伊蠫M(1,1)預測未來青海省幼兒身體形態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢,得到預測模型為:X(m+1)=(-4281.67665)e0.014328(m-1)+4271.67665,預測精準度為二級。建議:1、加大幼兒活動空間和游戲器材,尤其是加強鄉(xiāng)村幼兒活動基礎設施建設。2、在日常生活中,應注意合理的膳食搭配和生活習慣,以促進幼兒向健康的方向成長。3、通過飲食和運動可以改善體型,促進骨骼、肌肉快速生長和大腦發(fā)育,同時還應加強對幼兒活動指導人員培養(yǎng)。4、加大對幼兒啟蒙教育的干預,縮小城鄉(xiāng)經濟、教育等方面的差距,在鄉(xiāng)村多開展幼兒體質宣傳教育。
[Abstract]:Body shape is the most direct evaluation index which directly reflects the characteristics of human body type, while the age of 3 to 6 years old is the first period of rapid growth and development of the human body. When the rapid development of width is a healthy development, we need to use the various indicators of body shape for comprehensive evaluation. Qinghai Province, as a region where many nationalities gather at high alpine and high altitude, has a special growing environment for young children. Since the promulgation of the National Fitness Program in 1995, national physique monitoring has been carried out every five years in all provinces and cities since 2000, and has been carried out four times up to 2014. Through the results of body shape monitoring in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2014 from 1995 to 2014, using mathematical statistics, logical analysis and modeling analysis, it is concluded that Qinghai Province is in the special geographical environment. The continuous dynamic changes in body shape of young children, the reasonable evaluation of the past situation, the establishment of a model to predict the future development trend, And compared with the children of the same age in the whole country and the inland plain area to find out the superiority and the insufficiency. Conclusion 1: 1, from the overall situation, the basic morphological indicators of young children in Qinghai Province from 2000 to 2014, including height, weight, sitting height and chest circumference, all showed a trend of increasing gradually with the increase of the year, and the differences were significant, taking each year as the node. The growth rate of young males was higher than that of young girls, and the mean value of young males was higher than that of young girls. The morphological indexes of fat distribution and accumulation, including upper arm fold, scapular fold, abdominal skin fold, all showed a tendency to decrease first and then increase with the increase of year, and reached the lowest level in 2010, with each year as the node. From the comparison of urban and rural areas, all indicators showed a trend of increasing gradually with the increase of years, except that the body weight reached its highest value in 2010, but it was still higher than the level in 2000, except that the body weight reached its highest value in 2010, but it was still higher than the level in 2000. The other indexes were 2014 and reached the highest value. Both the growth rate and the average average value are reflected in the fact that the urban area is higher than that in the rural areas, and the young men are higher than the young girls .3. from the point of view of the physique reaching standard rate, in the past 20 years, the rate of reaching the standard for young children in Qinghai Province has been above the standard. The overall physique increased with the year, and the qualified rate of male constitution was slightly lower than that of the young woman, and if the physical fitness reached the standard rate, the total number of people increasing with the year was lower and lower. Compared with the same age level of the whole country, the urban and rural areas are better than the rural areas, but with the increase of years, the gap between urban and rural areas is smaller and smaller. Compared with the same age level of the whole country, the skinfold thickness is higher than the national level. The other indexes were lower than the national average, among which the difference of height, chest circumference and skinfold thickness was greater than that of young girls, and the difference of other indexes was smaller than that of young girls. The development trend of body shape of young children in Qinghai Province was predicted by mathematical modeling. The prediction model is: 1: 1: 4281.67665 e0.0143287665e) 4271.67665. The accuracy of prediction is second-order. It is suggested that the children should increase their activity space and play equipment, especially strengthen the infrastructure construction of rural children's activities. In their daily life, they should pay attention to the reasonable diet mix and living habits. In order to promote the healthy growth of young children, through diet and exercise can improve the shape, promote the rapid growth of bone, muscle and brain. At the same time, we should strengthen the training of young child activity guidance personnel, increase the intervention in early childhood education. Narrow the gap between urban and rural economy, education and other aspects, in rural areas to carry out health education for young children.
【學位授予單位】：青海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.49

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