本文選題：足球 + 守門員��； 參考：《成都體育學院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：眼睛是人類獲取外部信息的主要途徑,通過記錄人的眼球運動來研究人的心理變化被廣泛應(yīng)用于心理學中。體育運動中運動場景瞬息萬變,隨時都需要運動員通過觀察并做出準確判斷,眼動儀可以提供運動員在判斷過程中的注視軌跡及視覺搜索策略,眼動分析法被認為是研究人類信息提取最為有效的手段之一。本文以足球守門員和普通在校大學生觀看不同足球運動員主罰點球為實驗材料,對足球守門員在防守點球過程中的眼動特征進行研究。本實驗一共有20名被試參與,其中足球守門員10名(達到國家二級水平以上,且最近一年內(nèi)有參與比賽),普通在校大學生10名(沒有參加過正式的足球守門員訓練,但有足球守門員的經(jīng)驗),參與實驗的人員視力及矯正視力均達到5.0以上,無色盲色弱等問題,身體及心理健康。實驗以自行拍攝的足球運動員主罰點球視頻為刺激材料,實驗儀器采用美國應(yīng)用科學實驗室(ASL)生產(chǎn)的ASL-D6眼動記錄儀,通過實驗來分析運動員判斷過程中的反應(yīng)時、正確率及眼動指標,應(yīng)用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計學軟件和Microsoft Excl工作表進行統(tǒng)計分析。研究結(jié)果:(1)專家組足球守門員判斷點球線路時的眼動注視軌跡大體一致,通過對其總結(jié)得出注視軌跡線路:頭—髖—支撐腿—擺動腿—球,而新手組的注視軌跡比較散亂、沒有規(guī)律性。(2)在不同類型刺激材料中,專家組和新手組的反應(yīng)時和準確率存在顯著性差異,專家組的反應(yīng)時較新手組的反應(yīng)時快;專家組守門員判斷點球方向的正確率比新手組足球守門員更高。(3)專家組足球守門員比新手組足球守門員具有更高的信息加工效率。專家組守門員觀看比賽情境實驗片段比新手組觀看比賽情境實驗片段更接近于實際;專家組足球守門員的注視時間更長,注視位置較少,注視位置明確;新手組大學生的注視位置多,注視時間短,注視位置分散。(4)隨著實驗材料難度的增加,專家組和新手組判斷點球方向的正確率逐漸降低,反應(yīng)時逐漸增加。在A、B實驗片段是足球守門員判斷點球方向的關(guān)鍵期,專家組被試把觀看罰球運動員的髖、支撐腿、擺動腿和球作為決定射門方向的主要觀察點。新手組被試的注視比較散亂,沒有重點注視區(qū)域;專家組的反應(yīng)時短、正確率較高;新手組的反應(yīng)時時間較長、正確率也較低。新手組被試的注視沒有規(guī)律性。在C實驗片段兩組被試之間沒有差異。(5)在本實驗條件下,足球守門員的臨場經(jīng)驗、訓練程度及運動水平是影響各個位置上注視時間及注視次數(shù)的主要因素,直接影響運動員判斷點球線路的整個過程。
[Abstract]:Eye is the main way for human to obtain external information. It is widely used in psychology to study human psychological changes by recording human eye movements.The sports scene changes rapidly in sports, and athletes need to observe and make accurate judgment at any time. Eye movement instrument can provide the watching track and visual search strategy of athletes in the process of judging.Eye movement analysis is considered to be one of the most effective methods to study human information extraction.In this paper, the characteristics of eye movement of football goalkeeper in the process of defending penalty kick are studied by using football goalkeeper and ordinary college students to watch different football players' penalty kicks.A total of 20 participants participated in the experiment, of which 10 were football goalkeepers (above the national second level, and in the last year), 10 ordinary college students (no formal football goalkeeper training),But with the experience of the goalkeeper in football, the visual acuity and corrected visual acuity of the people involved in the experiment are all above 5.0, and there is no problem of color blindness and color weakness, physical and mental health.The experiment is based on the video of soccer players' penalty shootings, and the ASL-D6 eye motion recorder produced by the American Applied Science Laboratory (ASL) is used to analyze the reaction of the athletes in the judging process.The correct rate and eye movement index were analyzed by SPSS16.0 software and Microsoft Excl worksheet.In different types of stimuli, the response time and accuracy of the expert group and the novice group were significantly different, and the response time of the expert group was faster than that of the novice group.The expert group goalkeeper has higher accuracy than the novice soccer goalkeeper) the expert group goalkeeper has higher information processing efficiency than the novice soccer goalkeeper.The goalie of the group of experts watching the scene experiment segment of the match is closer to the reality than the novice group, and the football goalkeeper of the group of experts has a longer fixation time, less fixed position and clear fixation position.With the increase of the difficulty of experimental materials, the correct rate of judging the direction of penalty kick in expert group and novice group decreased gradually, and the reaction time increased gradually.During the critical period in which the goalie judges the direction of penalty kick, the expert group takes the hip, supporting leg, swinging leg and ball as the main observation points to determine the direction of shooting.In the novice group, the fixation time was scattered, and there was no focus area; the response time of the expert group was short and the correct rate was higher; the response time of the novice group was longer and the accuracy rate was lower.The novice subjects had no regularity in their gaze.There was no difference between the two groups of subjects in the C experiment segment. (5) under this experimental condition, the field experience, training level and sports level of the goalkeeper were the main factors affecting the fixation time and the number of fixation times in each position.It directly affects the whole process of judging the penalty kick circuit.
【學位授予單位】：成都體育學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G843

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