本文關(guān)鍵詞： 健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員 高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練 高負(fù)荷訓(xùn)練 肌體影響　出處：《西安體育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的近年來(lái)高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練(HIT)與高負(fù)荷訓(xùn)練(HVT)模式在競(jìng)技體育的田徑、游泳、皮劃艇等項(xiàng)目中,已成為優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的重要內(nèi)容。該模式也已引起世界健美界的高度關(guān)注,特別是在歐美國(guó)家,該模式已成為許多世界高水平健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員日常訓(xùn)練的重要內(nèi)容。目前,在我國(guó)健美項(xiàng)目中還沒(méi)有這方面系統(tǒng)的研究成果,為了跟上世界競(jìng)技健美運(yùn)動(dòng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),填補(bǔ)我國(guó)競(jìng)技健美運(yùn)動(dòng)負(fù)重訓(xùn)練模式的研究空白,該文結(jié)合中國(guó)優(yōu)秀健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員的體能狀況對(duì)HIT與HVT模式進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。方法該研究根據(jù)運(yùn)動(dòng)生理學(xué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)訓(xùn)練學(xué)原理,對(duì)篩選的12名國(guó)內(nèi)優(yōu)秀男子健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員運(yùn)用肌電采集系統(tǒng)、等動(dòng)測(cè)力系統(tǒng)、三維人體掃描系統(tǒng)等實(shí)地測(cè)試備賽期12周訓(xùn)練中采取HIT與HVT模式的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)生化監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),追蹤受試者訓(xùn)練時(shí)生理生化指標(biāo)的變化情況,科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)HIT與HVT模式對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員機(jī)體狀況的影響。結(jié)果 HVT對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員靜態(tài)生理生化指標(biāo)、全身骨密度沒(méi)有明顯影響。而備賽期采用HVT會(huì)造成瘦體質(zhì)量較嚴(yán)重流失,全身各區(qū)域肌肉發(fā)達(dá)程度差距加大;全身脂肪雖有下降,分布也有改善,但效果不是很佳;HVT對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)員心肺功能及區(qū)域肌肉力量各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)沒(méi)有明顯影響,對(duì)肌肉控制與調(diào)動(dòng)能力有一定提升作用。HIT對(duì)幫助運(yùn)動(dòng)員保持肌肉含量及減少身體脂肪含量有非常積極作用,對(duì)身體成分的改善效果明顯優(yōu)于HVT;HIT對(duì)控制與調(diào)動(dòng)肌肉的能力優(yōu)于HVT。采用HVT每周負(fù)重訓(xùn)練總時(shí)間約260 min,而采用HIT每周負(fù)重訓(xùn)練總時(shí)間約160 min,兩者相差約100 min/周,表明HIT模式效能更高。結(jié)論在備賽期,若運(yùn)動(dòng)員減脂的同時(shí)要減少瘦體質(zhì)量,以降低級(jí)別參賽,則采用HVT模式;若運(yùn)動(dòng)員要最大限度保留瘦體質(zhì)量、降低脂肪含量,則采用HIT模式效果相對(duì)更理想。
[Abstract]:Objective in recent years, high intensity training (hit) and high load training (HVT) have been used in athletics, swimming, canoeing and other sports. It has become an important part of the training program for elite athletes. This model has also attracted great attention in the world bodybuilding world, especially in Europe and the United States. This model has become an important part of the daily training of many high-level bodybuilders in the world. At present, there is no systematic research result in Chinese bodybuilding projects, in order to keep up with the development trend of competitive bodybuilding in the world. To fill in the blank of the research on the weight-bearing training mode of competitive bodybuilding in China. Based on the physical condition of Chinese elite bodybuilders, this paper makes a systematic study on the HIT and HVT models. Methods the research is based on the principles of exercise physiology and sports training. EMG acquisition system and isokinetic force measuring system were used to screen 12 excellent domestic male bodybuilders. Three-dimensional human body scanning system and other field test preparation period 12 weeks training using the HIT and HVT model of relevant data through biochemical monitoring system to track the changes of physiological and biochemical indicators during the training. Results the effects of HIT and HVT on athletes' body condition were evaluated scientifically. Results HVT was applied to the static physiological and biochemical indexes of athletes. There was no obvious effect of BMD on the whole body, but the use of HVT at the stage of preparation caused the serious loss of lean body mass, and the disparity of muscle development degree in different regions of the whole body was enlarged. Although the whole body fat has the decline, the distribution also has the improvement, but the effect is not very good; HVT had no significant effect on the indexes of cardiopulmonary function and regional muscle strength. It can help athletes maintain muscle content and reduce body fat content, and the effect of improving body composition is obviously better than that of HVT. The ability of HIT to control and move muscles was better than that of HVT.The total time of load training with HVT was about 260mins, and that with HIT was about 160min. The difference between the two models is about 100min / week, which indicates that HIT mode is more effective. Conclusion during the preparation period, if the athletes should reduce the weight of lean body while reducing the weight of the athletes, then the HVT mode should be adopted in order to reduce the level of competition. If athletes want to keep lean weight to the maximum and reduce fat content, the effect of HIT mode is better.
【作者單位】： 中山大學(xué)體育部;清華大學(xué)體育部;
【分類號(hào)】：G883
【正文快照】： 高強(qiáng)度訓(xùn)練[1](High intensity training以下簡(jiǎn)稱HIT)及高負(fù)荷訓(xùn)練[2](High volume training以下簡(jiǎn)稱HVT)模式,在當(dāng)今競(jìng)技體育的田徑、游泳、皮劃艇等項(xiàng)目中,已成為優(yōu)秀運(yùn)動(dòng)員訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的重要內(nèi)容。近年來(lái),該模式在競(jìng)技健美負(fù)重訓(xùn)練中已被世界許多高水平健美運(yùn)動(dòng)員所采用。目前

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