高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育現(xiàn)狀分析及對策研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-26 21:18
【摘要】：當今的時代是不可復(fù)制的“創(chuàng)業(yè)時代”。“創(chuàng)業(yè)”一詞,成為百度、谷歌、雅虎等網(wǎng)站最吸引眼球的熱門搜索詞匯,在全世界范圍內(nèi)受到持續(xù)關(guān)注。在當前全球經(jīng)濟一體化和經(jīng)濟危機頻發(fā)的的背景下,創(chuàng)業(yè)活動對世界各國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起著極大的推動作用,更能積極有效的解決令各國政府頭疼的就業(yè)、失業(yè)等問題。在這樣的形勢下,開展創(chuàng)業(yè)教育成為一種勢在必行的趨勢。創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的廣泛開展,既是時代提出的要求,也是社會發(fā)展的必然趨勢。 創(chuàng)業(yè)教育是一種培養(yǎng)受教育者創(chuàng)業(yè)能力和創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的教育過程,它是在時代發(fā)展、社會進步的前提下產(chǎn)生的一種新的教育理念和教育模式。世界各國對創(chuàng)業(yè)教育都高度重視,尤其在國外發(fā)展的較為迅速,如美國、英國、德國、日本等國家都在國內(nèi)大力發(fā)展創(chuàng)業(yè)教育。美國早在二十世紀40年代就開始了創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的萌芽,是世界上最早開始創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的國家,經(jīng)過六十余年的發(fā)展,現(xiàn)在在全社會范圍內(nèi)形成了一種全民創(chuàng)業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)氛圍,并且具備了非常成熟的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育模式,在各高校都形成了獨立的學科和專業(yè),課程設(shè)置達到了2000多門,其教育范圍更是覆蓋了全體學生。尤其值得一提的是,美國高校擁有一支實戰(zhàn)經(jīng)驗豐富、理論水平過硬,素質(zhì)較高的專業(yè)化師資力量,為高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的發(fā)展和推進增添了動力。這些都是值得我國借鑒的。 我國的創(chuàng)業(yè)教育起步較晚,十二世紀90年末才開始萌芽,且發(fā)展較為滯緩,一方面表現(xiàn)是對創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的理論研究不夠深入、透徹,一方面表現(xiàn)在對創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的實踐探索較少,雖然自1999年自清華“挑戰(zhàn)杯”創(chuàng)業(yè)計劃大賽以來,各高校每年都會舉辦類似的創(chuàng)業(yè)大賽、創(chuàng)業(yè)征文等活動,但是大多都是流于表面,對創(chuàng)業(yè)教育沒有得到實質(zhì)的貫徹和落實。近幾年在時代對創(chuàng)業(yè)強烈呼聲下,在黨和政府的大力支持下,我國的高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育雖然得到了快速發(fā)展,但是整體來看仍然存在諸多問題,值得我們?nèi)ド钊胙芯亢吞轿觥?本文首先從創(chuàng)業(yè)教育概念界定、結(jié)構(gòu)體系和實施必要性三個方面對創(chuàng)業(yè)教育進行了概述；其次,分析了高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的現(xiàn)狀,主要以美國和我國發(fā)展概況進行了比照,在借鑒美國創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的特點和啟示的基礎(chǔ)上,找出了我國高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育主要存在的幾個問題。接著,從傳統(tǒng)的教育模式、高校對創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的重視程度和傳統(tǒng)的教育觀念三個方面分析了我國高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育問題存在的原因；最后,從建設(shè)專業(yè)化師資、營造良好的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境、建立有效的保障機制等五個方面闡述了我國高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的實施對策。
[Abstract]:Today's era is an "era of entrepreneurship" that cannot be replicated. "Entrepreneurship", the most popular search term for Baidu, Google, Yahoo and other sites, has received sustained attention around the world. Under the background of global economic integration and frequent economic crisis, entrepreneurial activities play a great role in promoting the economic development of various countries in the world, and can actively and effectively solve the problems of employment, unemployment and so on, which make the governments of various countries have a headache. In such a situation, the development of entrepreneurship education has become an imperative trend. The extensive development of entrepreneurship education is not only the requirement of the times, but also the inevitable trend of social development. Entrepreneurship education is an educational process to cultivate the educatees' entrepreneurial ability and spirit. It is a new educational idea and mode under the premise of the development of the times and the progress of the society. Countries all over the world attach great importance to entrepreneurship education, especially in foreign countries, such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries to develop entrepreneurship education in China. As early as the 1940s, the United States began the germination of entrepreneurship education, and was the first country in the world to start business education. After more than 60 years of development, the United States has now formed a kind of entrepreneurial atmosphere for the whole society as a whole. And has a very mature mode of entrepreneurship education, in all colleges and universities have formed independent disciplines and majors, the curriculum has reached more than 2000, the scope of its education covers all the students. It is worth mentioning that American colleges and universities have rich practical experience, excellent theoretical level and high quality of specialized teachers, which has added impetus to the development and promotion of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. These are worthy of our reference. China's entrepreneurship education started relatively late, began to sprout at the end of the twelfth century, and the development is relatively slow, on the one hand, the theoretical research on entrepreneurship education is not deep enough, thorough, on the one hand, the practice of entrepreneurship education is less explored. Since 1999, since the Tsinghua Challenge Cup Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, colleges and universities have held similar activities such as entrepreneurial competition, entrepreneurial solicitation and so on, but most of them are superficial, and the entrepreneurial education has not been materially implemented and implemented. In recent years, under the strong call of the times and the support of the Party and the government, the entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in our country has been developed rapidly, but there are still many problems in the whole, which are worthy of our in-depth study and analysis. Firstly, this paper summarizes entrepreneurship education from three aspects: the definition of entrepreneurship education, the structure system and the necessity of implementation. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and compares the development situation between the United States and China. On the basis of drawing lessons from the characteristics and enlightenment of entrepreneurship education in the United States, this paper finds out the main problems existing in entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China. Then, from the traditional education model, the degree of attention to entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and the traditional concept of education, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China. Finally, from the five aspects of constructing professional teachers, building a good entrepreneurial environment and establishing an effective guarantee mechanism, this paper expounds the countermeasures for the implementation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38
本文編號：2447939
[Abstract]:Today's era is an "era of entrepreneurship" that cannot be replicated. "Entrepreneurship", the most popular search term for Baidu, Google, Yahoo and other sites, has received sustained attention around the world. Under the background of global economic integration and frequent economic crisis, entrepreneurial activities play a great role in promoting the economic development of various countries in the world, and can actively and effectively solve the problems of employment, unemployment and so on, which make the governments of various countries have a headache. In such a situation, the development of entrepreneurship education has become an imperative trend. The extensive development of entrepreneurship education is not only the requirement of the times, but also the inevitable trend of social development. Entrepreneurship education is an educational process to cultivate the educatees' entrepreneurial ability and spirit. It is a new educational idea and mode under the premise of the development of the times and the progress of the society. Countries all over the world attach great importance to entrepreneurship education, especially in foreign countries, such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan and other countries to develop entrepreneurship education in China. As early as the 1940s, the United States began the germination of entrepreneurship education, and was the first country in the world to start business education. After more than 60 years of development, the United States has now formed a kind of entrepreneurial atmosphere for the whole society as a whole. And has a very mature mode of entrepreneurship education, in all colleges and universities have formed independent disciplines and majors, the curriculum has reached more than 2000, the scope of its education covers all the students. It is worth mentioning that American colleges and universities have rich practical experience, excellent theoretical level and high quality of specialized teachers, which has added impetus to the development and promotion of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities. These are worthy of our reference. China's entrepreneurship education started relatively late, began to sprout at the end of the twelfth century, and the development is relatively slow, on the one hand, the theoretical research on entrepreneurship education is not deep enough, thorough, on the one hand, the practice of entrepreneurship education is less explored. Since 1999, since the Tsinghua Challenge Cup Entrepreneurship Plan Competition, colleges and universities have held similar activities such as entrepreneurial competition, entrepreneurial solicitation and so on, but most of them are superficial, and the entrepreneurial education has not been materially implemented and implemented. In recent years, under the strong call of the times and the support of the Party and the government, the entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in our country has been developed rapidly, but there are still many problems in the whole, which are worthy of our in-depth study and analysis. Firstly, this paper summarizes entrepreneurship education from three aspects: the definition of entrepreneurship education, the structure system and the necessity of implementation. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and compares the development situation between the United States and China. On the basis of drawing lessons from the characteristics and enlightenment of entrepreneurship education in the United States, this paper finds out the main problems existing in entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China. Then, from the traditional education model, the degree of attention to entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and the traditional concept of education, this paper analyzes the causes of the problems of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China. Finally, from the five aspects of constructing professional teachers, building a good entrepreneurial environment and establishing an effective guarantee mechanism, this paper expounds the countermeasures for the implementation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China.
【學位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：G647.38
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