【摘要】：對通識教育的研究是當前我國高等教育改革最受關注的主題之一，對于培養(yǎng)未來的醫(yī)學人才，通識教育也有著非同尋常的意義。 隨著傳染病在人類死亡病例里的降低，以心血管、惡性腫瘤等為代表的慢性非傳染性疾病成為人類健康的主要殺手。這種慢性病成為現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學的主要研究研究對象后，醫(yī)學模式也從以前的生物醫(yī)學模式轉變?yōu)樯镄睦砩鐣Ｊ剑瑢︶t(yī)生也提出了完全不一樣的要求。醫(yī)生必須要有寬厚的知識面，必須有對人的心理、情感的全面了解和認識，才能勝任崗位,這就要求醫(yī)學院校的學生必須接受良好的通識教育，具備良好的人文素養(yǎng)。而與此同時，我們的醫(yī)學院校在強調(diào)專業(yè)技術教育的過程中，恰恰忽略了通識教育，，由于通識教育的缺失所造成的問題越來越嚴重，醫(yī)患關系緊張，醫(yī)生收回扣、醫(yī)生開大處方、病人殺害醫(yī)生等事件屢屢見諸報端。2013年還發(fā)生了復旦大學醫(yī)學院黃洋同學被同寢室同學殺害的事件。這些事件固然有很多原因，但通識教育的缺失造成學生人文素養(yǎng)偏低不能不說是一個重要因素。所以我們的醫(yī)學院校在教育中必須重視通識教育，提高學生的人文素養(yǎng)，讓學生熱愛生命，尊重生命。 怎樣在課堂上教才能讓我們的通識課真正提高大學生的綜合素質(zhì)，提高他們的人文素養(yǎng)，怎樣才能構建醫(yī)學院校通識課程體系，從而打通醫(yī)學和人文之間的鴻溝，為高等教育注入新鮮的血液，這些課題應該是醫(yī)學教改研究中的重點，作為醫(yī)學院校的通識教育的教師，我們應該也必須去思考這些問題。 它山之石，可以攻玉。美國是世界上最發(fā)達的國家，也是通識教育開展較好的國家，美國的醫(yī)學教育也非常發(fā)達，本文以美國哈佛大學醫(yī)學院、紐約大學醫(yī)學院、密歇根大學醫(yī)學院為例，詳細的介紹了這三所醫(yī)學院校通識教育的開展情況，重點從課程設置、教學方法、教學理念等方面做了詳細的闡述，總結了美國醫(yī)學通識教育課程的特點、優(yōu)勢。對于國內(nèi)的醫(yī)學院校，以福建醫(yī)科大學、滄州醫(yī)學高等�？茖W校為例對我國醫(yī)學院校通識教育的開展情況作了介紹，同時對中美醫(yī)學通識教育做了對比，從而看清了自身的差距，明確自身努力的方向。最后提出了美國大學醫(yī)學院通識教育對我國的啟示，提出了具體的有針對性的建議。 本研究共分為四部分： 第一部分:闡述了選題的原因和選題的意義,同時對國外和國內(nèi)醫(yī)學院校通識教育相關研究文獻進行梳理，提出了本研究的研究思路和方法。 第二部分：美國醫(yī)學院校通識教育的實踐。分別以哈佛大學醫(yī)學院、紐約大學醫(yī)學院、密歇根大學醫(yī)學院為例介紹美國醫(yī)學通識教育的開展情況，并總結美國的醫(yī)學教育中的通識課程的特點。 第三部分：我國高等醫(yī)學院校通識教育之現(xiàn)狀。以福建醫(yī)科大學和滄州醫(yī)學高等專科學校為例對我國的醫(yī)學院校通識教育的開展情況做了闡述。并分別從課程設置、教學內(nèi)容、教學方式與考核、師資隊伍建設、教育體制等五個方面進行了中美對比，最后分析了造成我國醫(yī)學院校通識教育困境的原因。 第四部分：美國大學醫(yī)學院通識教育啟示。針對我國醫(yī)學院校通識教育存在的問題，吸收美國的經(jīng)驗，從宏觀和微觀上對我國醫(yī)學院校的通識教育提出了針對性的建議。
[Abstract]:The study of general education is one of the most important subjects in the reform of higher education in our country. With the decrease of infectious diseases in the case of human death, chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular and malignant tumors, have become the main cause of human health When this chronic disease becomes the main research object of modern medicine, the medical mode also changes from the previous biomedical model to the mode of biological psycho-social mode, and it is completely different to the doctor. The doctor must have a wide range of knowledge, and must have a thorough understanding and understanding of the psychology and the emotion of the person to be qualified for the post, which requires that the students in medical colleges and medical colleges must be well-informed and have good humanity. At the same time, at the same time, at the same time, at the same time, in the course of emphasizing the professional technical education, the medical colleges and universities ignore the general education, because the problems caused by the lack of the general education are getting more and more serious, the doctor-patient relationship is tense, the doctor receives the kickback, the doctor opens the big office The killing of the doctor and other events has been reported repeatedly in 2013. In 2013, the students of the school of Fudan University, Huang Yang, were killed by the classmates of the same dormitory. There are many reasons for these events, but the lack of general education leads to the low humanistic quality of the students, but it is an important reason So our medical college must pay more attention to the education in education, improve the students' humanistic quality, and let the students love life and respect the students. How to teach in class can we really improve the comprehensive quality of the college students, improve their humanistic quality, and how to construct the general curriculum system of medical college so as to get through the gap between medicine and humanity, and inject fresh into higher education The blood, these subjects should be the focus of the study of the medical reform, as the teacher of the general education in medical colleges, we should also think about it Some problems. It's a mountain stone. The United States is the most developed country in the world, and it is also a well-known country in the world. The medical education in the United States is also very developed. This article is based on the Harvard Medical College of the United States, the New York University School of Medicine, the University of Michigan The medical school is an example, and the development of the medical education in the three medical colleges is described in detail. The focus is on the course setting, the teaching method, the teaching idea and so on. The characteristics and advantages of the medical college in China are introduced in the medical college of Fujian and the medical college of Cangzhou Medical College. In the end, we put forward the enlightenment of the medical education to our country, and put forward the specific needle. A proposal for sex. The present study The research is divided into four parts: the first part: the reason of the topic and the meaning of the topic, and the relevant research literature of the medical education in the foreign countries and the medical colleges and universities, and puts forward the present research. The research ideas and methods of the study. Part two: the United States The practice of medical education in medical colleges and universities is introduced in the medical school of the Harvard University, the New York University School of Medicine and the University of Michigan Medical College. The features of the general course in education. Part three: China The present situation of medical education in medical colleges and universities. The medical colleges and universities in China are based on the cases of Fujian Medical University and Cangzhou Medical College. This article has made a description of the development of the general education, and made a comparison between the course setting, the teaching content, the teaching method and the assessment, the construction of the teaching staff, the education system and so on, and finally analyzed the cause of the country. The causes of the plight of the medical education in medical colleges and universities. Part 4 In view of the problems existing in the education of medical colleges and universities in our country, we have absorbed the experience of the United States, and from the macroscopic and the microscopic aspects to the medical school of our country
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：G642.0

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