發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-11 19:44

  本文選題：留學(xué)生　切入點(diǎn)：政策　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)自誕生之日起便具有國(guó)際化的屬性,學(xué)生的跨國(guó)流動(dòng)不僅促進(jìn)了學(xué)術(shù)的發(fā)展和文化的交流,對(duì)世界范圍內(nèi)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮也具有重要的促進(jìn)作用。因此,進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來(lái),各國(guó)都競(jìng)相發(fā)展留學(xué)生教育,利用各具特色的教育教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教育制度和各種誘人的政策來(lái)吸引世界各國(guó)學(xué)生的前往。就目前而言,在這一場(chǎng)留學(xué)生的爭(zhēng)奪戰(zhàn)中,美國(guó)無(wú)疑處于領(lǐng)先地位,一直占領(lǐng)了世界留學(xué)生教育市場(chǎng)近百分之三十的份額。我國(guó)是留學(xué)生派出大國(guó),但在接收留學(xué)生方面還有很大的發(fā)展空間,在制定留學(xué)生接收政策方面我們還需要多多向美國(guó)等國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí)。 進(jìn)入新世紀(jì),美國(guó)的留學(xué)生接收政策發(fā)生過(guò)三次比較大的變動(dòng),它們對(duì)美國(guó)的留學(xué)生教育產(chǎn)生了比較重大的影響�！�9.11事件”的發(fā)生讓美國(guó)上下陷入極度的恐慌,上至白宮下到普通百姓都集中精力一致防止恐怖分子再次襲擊。在留學(xué)生接收政策上這種緊張主要表現(xiàn)在簽證政策和其它一些關(guān)于留學(xué)生入境的政策方面；“9.11事件”從某種意義上說(shuō)影響了美國(guó)社會(huì)的正常發(fā)展。事后三四年,在布置好了邊境的安全、頒布了一系列對(duì)境內(nèi)的外國(guó)人進(jìn)行管理監(jiān)督的政策法規(guī)之后,人們逐漸意識(shí)到這幾年流失的留學(xué)生對(duì)美國(guó)的損失,因此從民間開(kāi)始不斷有人呼吁要重開(kāi)國(guó)門(mén),繼續(xù)吸引全球優(yōu)秀人才前往。2006年1月17日國(guó)務(wù)卿賴(lài)斯與國(guó)土安全部部長(zhǎng)切爾托夫共同出席了《賴(lài)斯-切爾托夫有關(guān)保障資訊時(shí)代邊界安全與門(mén)戶(hù)開(kāi)放的聯(lián)合計(jì)劃》的揭幕式,代表政府表示美國(guó)繼續(xù)歡迎留學(xué)生的前往；金融危機(jī)的爆發(fā)將全球經(jīng)濟(jì)卷入一個(gè)低谷,很多行業(yè)受到毀滅性的打擊,政府、高校收入嚴(yán)重縮水。這種情況下,無(wú)論學(xué)校還是政府能提供給留學(xué)生的資金支持都變得非常有限,高校開(kāi)支大量縮減,因此在錄取學(xué)生時(shí)不得不提高了對(duì)學(xué)生的財(cái)力要求,更加看重投入與產(chǎn)出比。 無(wú)論在任何時(shí)期,美國(guó)的留學(xué)生接收政策都具有一些共同特點(diǎn),如政府與學(xué)校分工合作來(lái)負(fù)責(zé)教育、以法律法規(guī)的形式頒布各項(xiàng)政策、高校充分參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、不同時(shí)代背景下有專(zhuān)門(mén)的政策來(lái)滿足留學(xué)生教育適應(yīng)社會(huì)的發(fā)展、同時(shí)又自始至終地堅(jiān)持對(duì)世界優(yōu)秀人才的歡迎、大力支持留學(xué)生教育的發(fā)展等。這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)在發(fā)展我國(guó)的留學(xué)生教育中都是可以參考借鑒的。
[Abstract]:Universities have been internationalized since their birth. The transnational flow of students not only promotes academic development and cultural exchange, but also promotes the political and economic prosperity of the world. Since the beginning of the new century, all countries have been competing to develop the education of foreign students, making use of their distinctive teaching contents, educational systems and various attractive policies to attract students from all over the world. In this battle for foreign students, the United States is undoubtedly in the leading position and has been occupying nearly 30% of the world market for international students' education. But there is still a lot of room for development in accepting foreign students, and we still need to learn more from the United States and other countries in formulating policies for the admission of foreign students. In the new century, there have been three relatively large changes in the admission policy of foreign students in the United States, which have had a relatively significant impact on the education of foreign students in the United States. The occurrence of the "9 / 11 incident" has plunged the United States into extreme panic. From the White House down to the ordinary people are focused on preventing terrorists from attacking again. This tension is mainly manifested in visa policy and some other policies on the entry of foreign students. "9 / 11" "in a sense, it affected the normal development of American society... Afterwards, on 34, After the border security has been arranged and a series of policies and regulations have been promulgated to manage and supervise foreigners in the territory, people have gradually realized the losses to the United States caused by the loss of foreign students in the past few years. Therefore, there have been calls from the private sector for the reopening of the country. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Homeland Security Secretary Steve Chertoff attended the opening ceremony of the Reis-Chertoff Joint Plan on securing and Open the boundaries of the Information Age on January 17th 2006. On behalf of the government, the United States continues to welcome overseas students; the outbreak of the financial crisis has drawn the global economy into a trough, many industries have been devastated, and government and university incomes have been severely reduced. In this case, The financial support that both schools and the government can provide to foreign students has become very limited, and college spending has been reduced so much that they have to increase their financial requirements and pay more attention to the ratio of input to output. No matter at any time, the policy of accepting foreign students in the United States has some common characteristics. For example, the government and schools cooperate with each other to take charge of education, promulgate various policies in the form of laws and regulations, and colleges and universities participate fully in market competition. In different times, there are special policies to meet the needs of foreign students' education to adapt to the development of society, and at the same time, they insist on welcoming the world's outstanding talents from beginning to end. These experiences can be used for reference in the development of foreign students' education in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G648.9

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