本文關(guān)鍵詞： 科學(xué)共同體 范式 高�？茖W(xué)共同體 無(wú)形學(xué)院 馬太效應(yīng)　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：科學(xué)是一種社會(huì)事業(yè)，科學(xué)共同體是科學(xué)事業(yè)中的一種獨(dú)特體制，是科學(xué)的一種社會(huì)建制，是從事科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)活動(dòng)的主體。高�？茖W(xué)共同體作為科學(xué)共同體的一種特殊形式，在我國(guó)高校實(shí)施科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略中發(fā)揮著重大的作用。本文試圖對(duì)我國(guó)高�？茖W(xué)共同體建設(shè)的研究，分析其在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中可能存在的問(wèn)題，并提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策，為完善我國(guó)高等教育管理、科研管理，，培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新理念，提高科技水平等提供理論依據(jù)。 論文第1章為引言。主要介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于高校科學(xué)共同體的研究現(xiàn)狀，以及對(duì)范式、科學(xué)共同體兩個(gè)名詞的概念界定：“范式”就是一個(gè)科學(xué)共同體的全體成員所共有的東西，如共同的信念、共同的價(jià)值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、共同的理論框架和研究方法、公認(rèn)的科學(xué)成就和范例等；“科學(xué)共同體”是由一些學(xué)有專(zhuān)長(zhǎng)的實(shí)際工作者所組成。 第2章是對(duì)科學(xué)共同體的基礎(chǔ)理論研究。主要圍繞科學(xué)共同體的興起（從自由主義的興起到科學(xué)共同體的創(chuàng)立）、特征（包括：群體性、協(xié)作性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性等）、組織形式（包括無(wú)形學(xué)院與科學(xué)學(xué)派、科學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)與科學(xué)研究機(jī)構(gòu)等）以及功能（包括促進(jìn)學(xué)科交叉、維護(hù)正常的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作等）方面進(jìn)行研究。 第3章研究我國(guó)高校科學(xué)共同體的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。主要圍繞發(fā)展歷史（從個(gè)體研究階段到課題項(xiàng)目組研究階段發(fā)展，再發(fā)展至目前的高�？茖W(xué)共同體研究階段）、特征（包括環(huán)境特殊性、目標(biāo)穩(wěn)定性、成員流動(dòng)性以及成果雙重性等）、組織形式（包括層式結(jié)構(gòu)、職能結(jié)構(gòu)、工作組結(jié)構(gòu)以及矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)）等方面展開(kāi)。 第4章研究我國(guó)高�？茖W(xué)共同體的運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀。主要圍繞社會(huì)保障體系（包括經(jīng)費(fèi)投入運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀、人才培養(yǎng)運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀等）、交流與同行評(píng)議體系（包括學(xué)術(shù)交流的方式、同行評(píng)議的模式等）、科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)（包括獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的方式和手段、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的原則等）以及社會(huì)規(guī)范體系（包括規(guī)范的組成和功能等）四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。 第5章分析我國(guó)高�？茖W(xué)共同體在運(yùn)行中可能存在的問(wèn)題。以第4章的四個(gè)方面為重點(diǎn)分析，提出包括同行評(píng)議沒(méi)有形成科學(xué)范式、科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)存在“馬太效應(yīng)”等問(wèn)題。 第6章根據(jù)存在的問(wèn)題提出相應(yīng)對(duì)策。例如：科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)存在“馬太效應(yīng)”，有其必然的原因，在進(jìn)行高校科學(xué)共同體建設(shè)的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)正確認(rèn)識(shí)馬太效應(yīng)帶來(lái)的積極影響，制定合理科學(xué)的社會(huì)規(guī)范以減少“馬太效應(yīng)”的消極影響。 本文通過(guò)進(jìn)行上述研究，為我國(guó)高�？茖W(xué)共同體的發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)，希望我國(guó)高�？茖W(xué)共同體能夠造就科學(xué)進(jìn)步的殿堂，構(gòu)建人才培養(yǎng)的搖藍(lán)，在實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)跨越式發(fā)展的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮巨大的作用。
[Abstract]:Science is a kind of social undertaking, and the scientific community is a unique system in the scientific cause, a social system of science, and the main body engaged in the activities of scientific cognition. As a special form of the scientific community, the scientific community in colleges and universities is a special form of the scientific community. This paper attempts to study the construction of scientific community of higher learning in our country, analyze the problems that may exist in the course of its operation, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures. It provides theoretical basis for perfecting management of higher education, management of scientific research, cultivation of innovative ideas and raising the level of science and technology. The first chapter is the introduction. It mainly introduces the current situation of the research on the scientific community in colleges and universities at home and abroad, and defines the concept of the paradigm and the two nouns of the scientific community: "paradigm" is what all members of a scientific community have in common. For example, common beliefs, common values, common theoretical frameworks and research methods, recognized scientific achievements and paradigms, etc. The second chapter is the basic theoretical research on the scientific community, which mainly revolves around the rise of the scientific community (from the rise of liberalism to the establishment of the scientific community). Competitiveness, organizational form (including invisible colleges and scientific schools, scientific societies and scientific research institutions, etc.) and functions (including promoting discipline intersection, maintaining normal competition and cooperation, etc.). Chapter 3 studies the current situation of the development of the scientific community in colleges and universities in China. It mainly revolves around the history of development (from the individual research stage to the research stage of the project group). Further to the current stage of scientific community research in colleges and universities, the characteristics (including environmental particularity, stability of objectives, mobility of members and duality of achievements, etc.), organizational forms (including hierarchical structure, functional structure, etc.). Working group structure and matrix structure. Chapter 4 studies the current situation of the scientific community in colleges and universities in our country. It mainly focuses on the social security system (including the operating status of fund input, personnel training and operation, etc.), the system of exchange and peer review (including the way of academic exchange, etc.). The model of peer review, the system of scientific reward (including the ways and means of reward, the principle of reward, etc.) and the system of social norm (including the composition and function of norm, etc.) are analyzed. The fifth chapter analyzes the problems that may exist in the operation of the scientific community of colleges and universities in our country. Taking the four aspects of chapter 4 as the emphasis, the author points out that the peer review has not formed the scientific paradigm, and the scientific reward system has the "Matthew effect" and so on. Chapter 6 puts forward the corresponding countermeasures according to the existing problems. For example, there are some inevitable reasons for the existence of Matthew effect in the scientific reward system. In the course of the construction of the scientific community in colleges and universities, we should correctly understand the positive influence brought by the Matthew effect. Establish reasonable and scientific social norms to reduce the negative effects of the Matthew effect. Through the above research, this paper provides the theoretical basis for the development of the scientific community of colleges and universities in our country. It is hoped that the scientific community of colleges and universities of our country can bring up the palace of scientific progress and construct the shake-blue of the cultivation of talents. In the realization of our country's science and technology leaps and bounds in the process of development play a huge role.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：G644

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