我國公立大學(xué)治理路徑研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-14 09:13
【摘要】：當(dāng)前,我國大學(xué)存在著潛在的績效危機(jī),教育投入與產(chǎn)出效率不高,教育質(zhì)量下降,學(xué)術(shù)生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)新能力不足。大學(xué)制度的缺陷和失靈是我國大學(xué)面臨的績效危機(jī)的深層次原因,優(yōu)化我國大學(xué)的治理路徑是擺脫當(dāng)前績效危機(jī)的當(dāng)務(wù)之急。 大學(xué)的本質(zhì)功能、組織屬性和大學(xué)組織所處的外部環(huán)境決定了大學(xué)組織的治理形態(tài)。經(jīng)過近千年的發(fā)展,大學(xué)組織形成了既統(tǒng)一又復(fù)雜多樣的組織功能和組織屬性。新中國成立后,我國的社會(huì)環(huán)境發(fā)生了巨大的變化,大學(xué)的治理也隨之進(jìn)行了60多年的探索和改革,經(jīng)歷了高度統(tǒng)一的集權(quán)治理時(shí)期、盲目混亂的分權(quán)治理時(shí)期、多元利益共存的有限分權(quán)治理時(shí)期等不同的階段。 我國大學(xué)的治理改革在取得巨大成績的同時(shí),在新的歷史時(shí)期也存在亟待解決的重大問題。外部治理方面,政府對(duì)大學(xué)的管理存在著管理方式不當(dāng)和過度干涉大學(xué)自我管理的現(xiàn)象；傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作沒有使大學(xué)與各外部主體形成緊密、長期和穩(wěn)定的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)同關(guān)系,協(xié)同效應(yīng)沒有得到有效的發(fā)揮。內(nèi)部治理方面,現(xiàn)行的誕生于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下的黨委領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下校長負(fù)責(zé)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體制實(shí)質(zhì)依然是行政集權(quán)化和封閉辦學(xué)的治理模式。權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)處于嚴(yán)重的失衡狀態(tài),政治權(quán)力和行政權(quán)力處于強(qiáng)勢地位,學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)力和民主權(quán)力被弱化,學(xué)生權(quán)力處于缺失的狀態(tài),市場權(quán)力和社會(huì)權(quán)力則被阻隔在內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)之外。在制度規(guī)范方面,大多數(shù)高校都沒有依法制定大學(xué)章程,大學(xué)處于無章辦學(xué)或有章不依的局面。 我國公立大學(xué)治理路徑的優(yōu)化是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,既涉及到大學(xué)的外部治理和內(nèi)部治理,又涉及到多元和沖突利益的協(xié)調(diào)與重組,同時(shí)改革還要符合中國特色的政治文化體制的要求和約束。本文認(rèn)為,當(dāng)前可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來優(yōu)化我國公立大學(xué)的治理路徑：外部治理路徑方面,通過實(shí)行教育代金券優(yōu)化政府對(duì)教育資源的配置；通過協(xié)同創(chuàng)新構(gòu)建大學(xué)與產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作組織的戰(zhàn)略協(xié)同關(guān)系。內(nèi)部治理路徑方面,通過改革大學(xué)董事會(huì)構(gòu)建多主體共治的治理模式；通過制定和完善大學(xué)章程健全依法治校的制度保障。
[Abstract]:At present, there is a potential performance crisis in Chinese universities. The efficiency of educational input and output is not high, the quality of education is declining, and the academic productivity and innovation ability are insufficient. The defects and failures of the university system are the deep-seated causes of the performance crisis faced by the universities in our country. Optimizing the governance path of the universities in our country is the urgent task to get rid of the current performance crisis. The essential function, organizational attributes and the external environment of the university determine the governance form of the university. After nearly a thousand years of development, university organizations have formed a unified and complex organizational functions and organizational attributes. After the founding of New China, great changes have taken place in the social environment of our country, and the governance of universities has been explored and reformed for more than 60 years, and has gone through a period of highly unified centralized governance, a period of blind and chaotic decentralization. The coexistence of multiple interests and limited decentralization of governance period and other different stages. Great achievements have been made in the reform of university governance in our country, but at the same time, there are also important problems to be solved in the new historical period. On the aspect of external governance, the government has improper management mode and excessive interference in university self-management. The traditional industry-university-research cooperation has not made the university and each external subject form close, long-term and stable strategic synergistic relationship, and the synergy effect has not been effectively brought into play. In terms of internal governance, the essence of the current leadership system under the leadership of the party committee under the leadership of the planned economic system is still the governance mode of administrative centralization and closed running of schools. Power structure is in a serious imbalance, political power and administrative power are in a strong position, academic power and democratic power are weakened, and students' power is in a state of absence. Market power and social power are blocked in the internal governance structure. In the aspect of system standard, most colleges and universities do not make the university charter according to law, and the university is in the situation of running a school without rules or regulations. The optimization of the governance path of public universities in China is a complex system engineering, which involves not only the external and internal governance of universities, but also the coordination and reorganization of pluralistic and conflicting interests. At the same time, the reform also conforms to the requirements and constraints of the political and cultural system with Chinese characteristics. In this paper, we can optimize the governance path of our public universities from the following aspects: external governance path, through the implementation of education vouchers to optimize the allocation of educational resources; Through collaborative innovation to construct the strategic synergy between universities and industry-university-research cooperative organizations. In terms of internal governance path, we should reform the university board of directors to build a multi-subject co-governing governance model, and improve the institutional guarantee of governing the university according to law by formulating and perfecting the university charter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G647
本文編號(hào)：2422065
[Abstract]:At present, there is a potential performance crisis in Chinese universities. The efficiency of educational input and output is not high, the quality of education is declining, and the academic productivity and innovation ability are insufficient. The defects and failures of the university system are the deep-seated causes of the performance crisis faced by the universities in our country. Optimizing the governance path of the universities in our country is the urgent task to get rid of the current performance crisis. The essential function, organizational attributes and the external environment of the university determine the governance form of the university. After nearly a thousand years of development, university organizations have formed a unified and complex organizational functions and organizational attributes. After the founding of New China, great changes have taken place in the social environment of our country, and the governance of universities has been explored and reformed for more than 60 years, and has gone through a period of highly unified centralized governance, a period of blind and chaotic decentralization. The coexistence of multiple interests and limited decentralization of governance period and other different stages. Great achievements have been made in the reform of university governance in our country, but at the same time, there are also important problems to be solved in the new historical period. On the aspect of external governance, the government has improper management mode and excessive interference in university self-management. The traditional industry-university-research cooperation has not made the university and each external subject form close, long-term and stable strategic synergistic relationship, and the synergy effect has not been effectively brought into play. In terms of internal governance, the essence of the current leadership system under the leadership of the party committee under the leadership of the planned economic system is still the governance mode of administrative centralization and closed running of schools. Power structure is in a serious imbalance, political power and administrative power are in a strong position, academic power and democratic power are weakened, and students' power is in a state of absence. Market power and social power are blocked in the internal governance structure. In the aspect of system standard, most colleges and universities do not make the university charter according to law, and the university is in the situation of running a school without rules or regulations. The optimization of the governance path of public universities in China is a complex system engineering, which involves not only the external and internal governance of universities, but also the coordination and reorganization of pluralistic and conflicting interests. At the same time, the reform also conforms to the requirements and constraints of the political and cultural system with Chinese characteristics. In this paper, we can optimize the governance path of our public universities from the following aspects: external governance path, through the implementation of education vouchers to optimize the allocation of educational resources; Through collaborative innovation to construct the strategic synergy between universities and industry-university-research cooperative organizations. In terms of internal governance path, we should reform the university board of directors to build a multi-subject co-governing governance model, and improve the institutional guarantee of governing the university according to law by formulating and perfecting the university charter.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G647
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，本文編號(hào)：2422065
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