美國(guó)高校應(yīng)急預(yù)案建設(shè)及其啟示
本文選題:美國(guó)高校 + 應(yīng)急預(yù)案建設(shè); 參考:《河北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:高校是一個(gè)國(guó)家高等教育的載體和依托,不僅肩負(fù)育人重任,其穩(wěn)定與否亦與整個(gè)國(guó)家和社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定休戚相關(guān)。隨著時(shí)代的變遷,曾經(jīng)一方凈土的象牙塔正成為一個(gè)越來(lái)越開(kāi)放的系統(tǒng),它所面臨的外部環(huán)境日益復(fù)雜,隨之而來(lái)的突發(fā)事件也層出不窮。一份有效的應(yīng)急預(yù)案可被視為防、救、誡的良性循環(huán),它能夠在相當(dāng)大的程度上影響高校應(yīng)急管理活動(dòng)的成效與效率。如何盡快建立起一套行之有效的預(yù)防和處理突發(fā)事件的應(yīng)急預(yù)案體系,最大程度降低突發(fā)事件發(fā)生的可能性,減少其對(duì)高校成員生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成的威脅,切實(shí)提高高校應(yīng)急管理能力,營(yíng)造一個(gè)和諧穩(wěn)定的校園環(huán)境,無(wú)論對(duì)政府、學(xué)者還是高校管理者來(lái)說(shuō),都是一個(gè)必要且緊迫的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題。 有學(xué)者認(rèn)為,美國(guó)公共危機(jī)管理的歷史雖不算悠久,但經(jīng)過(guò)在實(shí)踐中不斷發(fā)掘科學(xué)的方法并加以改進(jìn),現(xiàn)已形成相當(dāng)完善的安全管理制度,成為世界公認(rèn)的楷模。美國(guó)高校的應(yīng)急管理作為其中一個(gè)部分,也已較為成熟。尤其自“911”事件之后,美國(guó)各級(jí)政府對(duì)校園安全管理均給予高度重視,制定了一系列法律法規(guī);各高校亦針對(duì)自身特點(diǎn),制定了科學(xué)的應(yīng)急預(yù)案,規(guī)定各方人員的角色與責(zé)任,,以便在突發(fā)事件來(lái)臨時(shí),校內(nèi)成員可以在預(yù)案指導(dǎo)下從容不迫地應(yīng)對(duì),盡最大努力降低突發(fā)事件的破壞力。 應(yīng)急預(yù)案建設(shè)是包括應(yīng)急預(yù)案的編制、實(shí)施、演練、評(píng)估及改進(jìn)等在內(nèi)的一系列工作,這些工作在應(yīng)急預(yù)案的文本中均有所體現(xiàn)。本文在對(duì)美國(guó)高校應(yīng)急預(yù)案文本進(jìn)行梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,介紹并分析了美國(guó)高校應(yīng)急預(yù)案的體系、編制的過(guò)程、結(jié)構(gòu)及內(nèi)容;分別從理念、制度和操作三方面探討美國(guó)高校應(yīng)急預(yù)案建設(shè)的特點(diǎn),指出其尚不完善之處;最后從國(guó)家和學(xué)校兩個(gè)層面,為加強(qiáng)我國(guó)高校應(yīng)急預(yù)案建設(shè)提出對(duì)策建議。
[Abstract]:Higher education is the carrier and support of a country's higher education, which not only shoulders the important task of educating people, but also has a close relationship with the stability of the whole country and society. With the change of the times, the ivory tower of the once pure land is becoming a more and more open system. The external environment it faces is becoming more and more complex, and the following unexpected events emerge in endlessly. An effective emergency plan can be regarded as a virtuous circle of prevention, rescue and caution, which can greatly affect the effectiveness and efficiency of emergency management activities in colleges and universities. How to set up a set of effective emergency plan system to prevent and deal with unexpected events as soon as possible, to minimize the possibility of emergencies and to reduce the threat to the life and property safety of college members. It is necessary and urgent to improve the ability of emergency management and to create a harmonious and stable campus environment for the government, scholars and university administrators. Some scholars believe that although the history of public crisis management in the United States is not long, it has become a fairly perfect safety management system and has become a universally recognized model through the continuous exploration and improvement of scientific methods in practice. The emergency management of American colleges and universities as one of the parts, has been more mature. Especially since the "911" incident, governments at all levels in the United States have attached great importance to campus safety management, and have formulated a series of laws and regulations. Colleges and universities have also formulated scientific contingency plans according to their own characteristics. The roles and responsibilities of the personnel of all sides are stipulated so that the members of the school can respond calmly under the guidance of the contingency plan and do their utmost to reduce the destructive power of the emergency. The construction of emergency plan is a series of work including the preparation, implementation, exercise, evaluation and improvement of the emergency plan, which are reflected in the text of the emergency plan. This paper introduces and analyzes the system, process, structure and content of the emergency plan of American colleges and universities on the basis of combing the text of the emergency plan of American colleges and universities. This paper probes into the characteristics of emergency plan construction in American universities from the aspects of system and operation, points out that it is not perfect, and finally puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for strengthening the construction of emergency plans in colleges and universities in China from the two aspects of state and school.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:G647.4
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