發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 22:40

  本文選題：大學(xué)排名 + 排名機構(gòu)　； 參考：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)排名是高等教育發(fā)展到一定階段的產(chǎn)物，是高等教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)外部競爭環(huán)境日益激烈化的結(jié)果。大學(xué)排名已經(jīng)不再是社會系統(tǒng)中可有可無的與高等教育相關(guān)的活動。但是，由于大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)及排名活動中存在的問題及外界認(rèn)識的偏頗，關(guān)于大學(xué)排名的質(zhì)疑聲不斷，其核心是對大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的質(zhì)疑。本研究通過對大學(xué)排名的歷史梳理，及國內(nèi)外大學(xué)排名的比較分析，論述了大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的功能，實現(xiàn)路徑，存在的問題及相應(yīng)的解決策略。 從大學(xué)排名的發(fā)展歷程來看，國內(nèi)外大學(xué)排名現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)時間均早于排名機構(gòu)的形成。但是，直到大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)出現(xiàn)后，大學(xué)排名活動的影響才迅速擴(kuò)張，，大學(xué)排名方法論與組織程序才逐步開啟了規(guī)范化、透明化、科學(xué)化的探索。從大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的性質(zhì)來看，其具有“第三部門”的屬性特征。它既不從屬于政府也與市場有一定的距離，具有非營利性、獨立性、開放性、服務(wù)性等特征。從大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的功能來看，主要包括：第一，為學(xué)生與家長擇校提供信息。這是大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的基本功能。第二，對大學(xué)進(jìn)行社會監(jiān)督，在一定程度上滿足公眾對大學(xué)的問責(zé)。第三，服務(wù)于大學(xué)自我診斷。這是大學(xué)排名的拓展功能。第四，服務(wù)于政府決策。第五，研究大學(xué)排名。就我國大學(xué)排名的現(xiàn)實來看，排名機構(gòu)的功能相對比較多元化，為學(xué)生選擇大學(xué)與專業(yè)提供大學(xué)信息依然是其主要功能。此外，大學(xué)排名服務(wù)于我國世界一流大學(xué)建設(shè)的新功能也逐步凸顯出來。 我國大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)類型及排行榜的類型結(jié)構(gòu)逐步多樣化，主要包括研究機構(gòu)、民間組織及企業(yè)（新聞媒體），發(fā)布世界大學(xué)排名榜與國別大學(xué)排名榜。但是，就我國排行榜的發(fā)布來看，我國大學(xué)排行榜的類型逐步泛化，基于需要或者研究者興趣推出的各類新式排行榜層出不窮。由于排名結(jié)果的日益泛化，我國大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的排名活動也難以完全按照其排名目的進(jìn)行。 我國大學(xué)排名一方面呈現(xiàn)出繁榮發(fā)展的態(tài)勢，另一方面也呈現(xiàn)出諸多不和諧的因素。其一，排名指標(biāo)實現(xiàn)了從單一指標(biāo)排名到復(fù)合指標(biāo)的轉(zhuǎn)化，服務(wù)對象逐步呈現(xiàn)多元化、多層次性。大學(xué)排名數(shù)據(jù)來源逐步客觀化、多元化，數(shù)據(jù)處理方式日益科學(xué)化，排名指標(biāo)體系設(shè)計日益完善，排名結(jié)果的形式日益多樣，排名結(jié)果的發(fā)布更加及時。但是，我國大學(xué)排名的繁榮發(fā)展也形成了諸多負(fù)面效應(yīng)。大學(xué)排名的科學(xué)性與可信度。學(xué)科之間、大學(xué)之間存在的差異性難以用統(tǒng)一的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行衡量。同時，諸多來自新聞媒體、研究者等質(zhì)疑大學(xué)排名的科學(xué)性與真實性。這些質(zhì)疑直接影響到了大學(xué)排名的公信力�？傊髮W(xué)排名已經(jīng)構(gòu)筑成了一個“利益”的消費場所。這一場所中包含了支持、反對等多種呼聲。 大學(xué)排名的存在與發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為一個不可回避的話題。引導(dǎo)大學(xué)排名的規(guī)范發(fā)展成為擴(kuò)大大學(xué)排名的正向功能、削弱負(fù)面影響的必然選擇。大學(xué)排名的規(guī)范需要兼顧到大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)、大學(xué)及其它利益相關(guān)者的權(quán)益。因此，大學(xué)排名新秩序的構(gòu)建需要明確大學(xué)排名機構(gòu)的“第三部門”屬性，建立排名機構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)入機制，規(guī)范排名過程的組織程序，合理引導(dǎo)公眾、大學(xué)及其它利益相關(guān)者正確認(rèn)識大學(xué)排名。
[Abstract]:The ranking of universities is the product of the development of higher education to a certain stage. It is the result of the increasingly fierce competition environment inside and outside the higher education system. The university ranking is no longer a dispensable activity related to higher education in the social system. The core of the question about university rankings is the question of the university rankings. This study discusses the function, the path, the existing problems and the corresponding solutions of the university rankings through the history of the university rankings and the comparative analysis of university rankings at home and abroad.
From the development course of university rankings, the emergence time of university rankings both at home and abroad is earlier than the formation of ranking institutions. However, it is only after the emergence of the university ranking institutions that the influence of the university rankings has expanded rapidly. The methodology and the organizational procedure of the university rankings have gradually opened up a standardized, transparent and scientific exploration. By the nature of the name organization, it has the characteristics of the "third sector". It does not have a certain distance from the government and the market, has the characteristics of non profit, independence, openness and service. From the function of the university rankings institution, it mainly includes: first, it provides information for students and parents to choose school. This is the university ranking machine. The basic functions of the construction. Second, social supervision of the University, to a certain extent to meet the public accountability to the University. Third, to serve the University self diagnosis. This is the university rankings extension function. Fourth, service to government decision-making. Fifth, the study of university rankings. On the reality of China's University scheduling, the function of the ranking institutions is relative comparison. Diversification, it is still the main function for students to choose universities and majors to provide university information. In addition, the new functions of the university ranking service to the construction of the world's first-class universities are also gradually highlighted.
The types and the types of the rankings are gradually diversified in China, including research institutions, civil organizations and enterprises (news media), publishing the ranking list of the world university and the ranking list of country universities. However, the type of Chinese rankings is gradually generalized, based on needs or researchers. The list of new charts of interest has come out in an endless stream. As the results of the rankings become more and more extensive, the ranking activities of our university rankings are also difficult to carry out completely according to their ranking.
On the one hand, China's university rankings show a trend of prosperity and development, on the other hand, there are many disharmonious factors. First, the ranking index has realized the transformation from a single index to a compound index, and the object of service is gradually diversified and multi-level. The data source of the university ranking is gradually objectified, diversified and data processing day The design of the ranking index system is becoming more and more perfect, the form of ranking results is increasingly diverse and the result of the ranking is more timely. However, the prosperity and development of the university rankings have also formed many negative effects. The scientific and credibility of the university rankings. The differences between universities and Universities are difficult to use a unified index. At the same time, many of the news media, researchers, etc. questioned the science and authenticity of the university rankings. These questions directly affect the credibility of the university rankings. In short, the university rankings have been built into a "interest" consumption place.
The existence and development of the university rankings have become an unavoidable topic. The standard development to guide the university rankings has become the positive function of expanding the university rankings and the inevitable choice to weaken the negative effects. The standard of the university rankings needs to take into account the rights and interests of the university ranking institutions, the University and its benefit related people. Therefore, the University ranks new rank. The construction of order needs to clarify the "third sector" attributes of the university rankings institutions, establish the access mechanism of the ranking institutions, standardize the organizational procedures of the ranking process, rationally guide the public, and the universities and other stakeholders to correctly understand the university rankings.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.2

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本文編號：1793991