本文選題：場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式 + 大學(xué)生�。� 參考：《廣西師范學(xué)院》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：認(rèn)知方式是心理學(xué)中一種重要的個(gè)體差異變量,也是人格結(jié)構(gòu)的重要維度之一。美國(guó)心理學(xué)家榮格最早對(duì)個(gè)體在進(jìn)行認(rèn)知加工時(shí)采用何種策略進(jìn)行了研究,后經(jīng)素有“認(rèn)知方式之父”之稱的美國(guó)心理學(xué)家Witkin改進(jìn)并最終提出了場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式理論構(gòu)想。該理論認(rèn)為,場(chǎng)依存性的人往往借助外界視場(chǎng)中的線索進(jìn)行認(rèn)知判斷；而場(chǎng)獨(dú)立性的人往往借助自身內(nèi)在線索進(jìn)行認(rèn)知判斷。心理旋轉(zhuǎn)是空間認(rèn)知能力中關(guān)于表象理論研究中的重要部分,是一種獨(dú)立的心理過程。本研究將不同認(rèn)知方式的旋轉(zhuǎn)主體與旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)象聯(lián)系起來,通過三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn),運(yùn)用眼動(dòng)儀技術(shù)追蹤眼動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù),將不同場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式下大學(xué)生心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的情況進(jìn)行分析,旨在給不同認(rèn)知方式的人提供參考,使其對(duì)自身在某些方面的成長(zhǎng)及未來成就能進(jìn)行較好的預(yù)測(cè),選擇更適合自己的發(fā)展領(lǐng)域,并為教育者在因材施教上提供參考依據(jù)。 本研究的第一部分對(duì)相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行了闡述,包含：場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式的基本理論及測(cè)量方法、場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式的生理基礎(chǔ)及應(yīng)用研究；心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的基本理論、心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的神經(jīng)生理機(jī)制、心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的個(gè)體差異、影響心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的因素和心理旋轉(zhuǎn)與眼動(dòng)的關(guān)系,從整體上梳理了場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式和心理旋轉(zhuǎn)研究中的熱點(diǎn)問題。 第二部分為實(shí)證研究,由兩部分組成。通過運(yùn)用眼動(dòng)測(cè)量的方法,對(duì)不同刺激方式下不同場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式客體在心理旋轉(zhuǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的差異及生理機(jī)制進(jìn)行了分析。第一部分采用張厚粲等編制的中國(guó)版鑲嵌圖形測(cè)驗(yàn)篩選被試,在114名師范院校在校大學(xué)生中,挑選出27名右利手被試(場(chǎng)依存組被試10人；場(chǎng)中間組被試8人和場(chǎng)獨(dú)立性被試9名)；第二部分是實(shí)驗(yàn)部分,由兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)構(gòu)成,選取了漢字和字母這兩種常見的認(rèn)知材料,運(yùn)用眼動(dòng)測(cè)量技術(shù)來研究不同場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式對(duì)大學(xué)生心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的影響。兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)所采用的是3(場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式)*2(正像/鏡像)*6(旋轉(zhuǎn)角度)的混合型實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),其中場(chǎng)認(rèn)知方式與正像/鏡像、旋轉(zhuǎn)角度三個(gè)因素之間是被試間設(shè)計(jì),正像/鏡像與旋轉(zhuǎn)角度之間是被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)(重復(fù)測(cè)量的兩個(gè)因素)。 綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,得出以下結(jié)論： 1、漢字和字母在心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的認(rèn)知加工過程中,反應(yīng)時(shí)呈倒U型曲線。隨著旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的增加而增長(zhǎng),旋轉(zhuǎn)到180°時(shí),反應(yīng)時(shí)最長(zhǎng),曲線兩側(cè)的趨勢(shì)以180°為中線對(duì)稱。 2、漢字和字母在心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的認(rèn)知加工過程中,正確率呈U型曲線。正確率隨著旋轉(zhuǎn)角度的增加而降低,旋轉(zhuǎn)到180°時(shí),正確率最低,曲線兩側(cè)的趨勢(shì)以180°為中線對(duì)稱。 3、漢字和字母在心理旋轉(zhuǎn)的眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)上,在總注視次數(shù)、眼跳次數(shù)、瞳孔直徑的眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)上,漢字大于字母。隨后以180°為界點(diǎn),曲線兩側(cè)的變化趨勢(shì)呈對(duì)稱狀。 4、場(chǎng)獨(dú)立性的被試比場(chǎng)依存性的被試反應(yīng)時(shí)短,而且正確率高；場(chǎng)中間性的被試介于兩者之間。三類被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)、正確率曲線趨勢(shì)是相似的。 5、場(chǎng)獨(dú)立性的被試和場(chǎng)依存性在眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)上,總注視次數(shù)、眼跳次數(shù)少,場(chǎng)中間性的被試介于兩者之間。三類被試的總注視次數(shù)、眼跳次數(shù)、瞳孔直徑的曲線趨勢(shì)是相似的。 6、心理旋轉(zhuǎn)是一個(gè)類比的過程,與客體的物理旋轉(zhuǎn)是類似的,也要經(jīng)歷一些中間階段。而且旋轉(zhuǎn)過程要采用一定策略,策略的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)發(fā)生在180°,表現(xiàn)出明顯的智慧色彩。
[Abstract]:Cognitive style is an important individual difference variable in psychology and one of the important dimensions of the personality structure. The American psychologist Carl Jung studied the strategy of the individual in cognitive processing, and then the American psychologist Witkin, known as the "father of cognitive style", improved and finally put forward a recognition. This theory holds that people with field dependence often use clues in the field of view of the outside world to make cognitive judgments; and people with field independence often use their own online cables to make cognitive judgments. Psychological rotation is a major part of the study of the spatial cognitive ability and an independent psychological process. In the study, the rotating subjects of different cognitive styles are linked to the rotating objects. Through the three factors mixing experiment, the eye movement technique is used to track the eye movement data, and the psychological rotation of the college students in different cognitive modes is analyzed. The purpose is to provide the people with different cognitive ways to take the examination and make them grow up and the future in some aspects. Achievements can predict better, choose more suitable areas for their own development, and provide references for educators to teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
The first part of this study expounds the related theories, including the basic theory and measurement methods of field cognition, the physiological basis and application of field cognition, the basic theory of psychological rotation, the neurophysiological mechanism of psychological rotation, the individual difference of psychological rotation, the factors that affect the psychological rotation and the psychological rotation and eye movement. From the whole, we comb the hot issues in the field of cognitive style and psychological rotation.
The second part is an empirical study, which is composed of two parts. By using the method of eye movement measurement, the differences and physiological mechanisms of different cognitive objects in different stimulation modes in the psychological rotation experiment are analyzed. The first part adopts the Chinese version of mosaic graph test, which is compiled by Zhang hou can, and in 114 normal colleges and universities. Among the college students, 27 right hand subjects were selected (10 people of field dependence group, 8 subjects and 9 field independence subjects); the second part was the experimental part, which consisted of two experiments. The two common cognitive materials were selected and the eye movement measurement technique was used to study the students' heart. The effect of rotation. The two experiments are used in the hybrid experimental design of the 3 (field cognitive mode) *2 (positive image / mirror) *6 (rotation angle), in which the field cognition mode and the image / mirror, the rotation angle between the three factors are the design between the subjects, the positive image / mirror and the rotation angle are the interior design (two factors of repeated measurement).
According to the results of the experiment, the following conclusions are drawn.
1, in the cognitive process of psychological rotation, the response of Chinese characters and letters is inverted U curve. With the increase of rotation angle, the reaction time is the longest when rotating to 180 degrees, and the trend on both sides of the curve is 180 degree to the middle line symmetry.
2, in the cognitive processing of psychological rotation, the correct rate is U curve. The correct rate decreases with the increase of rotation angle. When rotation to 180 degrees, the correct rate is the lowest, and the trend on both sides of the curve is 180 degree to the middle line symmetry.
3, Chinese characters and letters are on the eye movement index of mental rotation. The Chinese characters are larger than letters on the total fixation times, the times of saccades, and the eye movements of the pupil. Then 180 degrees are the boundary points, and the trend of the changes on both sides of the curve is symmetrical.
4, field independence was shorter than field dependent subjects, and the accuracy was high; the field intermediate subjects were between the two. The correct rate curve trend was similar when the three subjects responded.
5, field independence subjects and field dependence were in the eye movement index, the number of total gaze, the number of saccades was less, and the intersubjectivity of the field was between the two. The total gaze times, the number of saccades and the pupil diameter of the three subjects were similar.
6, psychological rotation is a process of analogy. It is similar to the physical rotation of the object. It also needs to experience some intermediate stages. And the rotation process should adopt a certain strategy, and the turning point of the strategy occurs at 180 degrees, showing obvious wisdom color.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：B842.1;G645.5

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李壽欣,宋廣文;西方認(rèn)知方式研究概觀[J];國(guó)外社會(huì)科學(xué);1999年01期

2 李壽欣,張?chǎng)?歐陽(yáng)虹;大學(xué)生評(píng)估教師教學(xué)效果的影響因素的研究[J];曲阜師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2002年02期

3 白學(xué)軍;國(guó)外對(duì)兒童自我言語(yǔ)研究的新進(jìn)展[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;1990年01期

4 楊孟萍,石德澄;空間認(rèn)知能力的測(cè)驗(yàn)研究[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;1990年04期

5 李明振;認(rèn)知方式及其與學(xué)生數(shù)學(xué)思維靈活性的關(guān)系研究[J];心理發(fā)展與教育;1994年03期

6 侯公林,繆小春,陳云舫,胡世紅,徐微云;幼兒二維心理旋轉(zhuǎn)能力發(fā)展的研究[J];心理科學(xué);1998年06期

7 許燕,張厚粲;小學(xué)生空間能力及其發(fā)展傾向的性別差異研究[J];心理科學(xué);2000年02期

8 蔡華儉,陳權(quán);心理旋轉(zhuǎn)能力的發(fā)展性及其與智力的相關(guān)性初步研究[J];心理科學(xué);2000年03期

9 林仲賢,張?jiān)龌?韓布新;兒童、中青年及老年人心理旋轉(zhuǎn)能力的比較研究[J];心理科學(xué);2002年03期

10 王有智,歐陽(yáng)侖;大學(xué)生不同認(rèn)知方式對(duì)圖形推理水平的影響——兼談?wù)J知過程中的人格作用[J];心理科學(xué);2004年02期

，

本文編號(hào)：1779400