本文選題：晚清　切入點：山西　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：書院自唐朝產(chǎn)生以來,逐漸成為官學(xué)教學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)之外的重要補(bǔ)充,在我國歷史發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重大作用。明末清初,書院逐漸失去其自由講學(xué)的傳統(tǒng),官學(xué)化日漸嚴(yán)重。至清末,書院制度逐漸走向衰敗,教育體制改革勢在必行。同時,由于資金、師資等問題,近代教育體制改革中最重要的一步便是改造原有書院,這就是書院改學(xué)堂運(yùn)動,即把舊式書院改建成新式學(xué)堂。 全國相繼開展的書院改學(xué)堂運(yùn)動,由于各省省情不同,其步驟也不同。本文以山西省為研究對象,探討了晚清山西書院改學(xué)堂的狀況。 在近代中國,山西有其獨特的省情。教會學(xué)校對山西舊式教育的沖擊,加之山西晉商在錢財上的資助,其內(nèi)部存在的促使教育體制變革的新舊因子,為山西書院改學(xué)堂提供了較之其他省份更好的條件。 在山西教育近代化的歷程上,巡撫張之洞、胡聘之,對山西教育影響巨大。從張之洞創(chuàng)辦新式書院——令德堂,到胡聘之對令德堂書院的改造,可以清晰地看到新舊交替時期山西教育的狀況,也從另一個程度上反映了書院改學(xué)堂運(yùn)動中,書院自身的調(diào)節(jié)作用及其內(nèi)部的趨新運(yùn)動。 晚清山西書院改學(xué)堂是在全國背景下展開的,大致經(jīng)歷了舊式書院衰落、新式書院建立、新式學(xué)堂建立這樣的艱難歷程。而晚清山西新式學(xué)堂的建立過程中,中小學(xué)堂大部分是由舊有書院改造而來的,大學(xué)堂及高等學(xué)堂大部分為新建,他們共同構(gòu)成了山西近代教育的基本體系。本文通過對各類學(xué)堂的詳細(xì)論述以及圖表等數(shù)據(jù),展示了這個復(fù)雜的過程。闡述了當(dāng)時山西學(xué)堂學(xué)生、教員等各個方面在這個過程中的作用和顯示出來的問題,分析了他們對山西近代歷史所產(chǎn)生的影響。 本文最后,對傳統(tǒng)書院的精神及其現(xiàn)代教育價值,進(jìn)行了初步探討。通過對晚清書院改學(xué)堂后,著名學(xué)者對書院教育價值及對現(xiàn)代教育體制弊端的闡述,來揭示書院改革對當(dāng)今教育的借鑒和啟示作用。
[Abstract]:Since the emergence of the Tang Dynasty, the academy has gradually become an important supplement to the official teaching institutions and played an important role in the historical development of our country. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the academy gradually lost its tradition of free lecture and became more and more serious. The reform of the educational system is imperative. At the same time, the most important step in the reform of the modern education system is to reform the original academies, which is called the Academy Reform Movement, because of the problems of funds, teachers, and so on. That is, to transform the old academy into a new school. Because of the different situation of each province, the steps of the college reform movement carried out in the whole country are different. This paper takes Shanxi Province as the research object, and probes into the situation of Shanxi academy reform school in the late Qing Dynasty. In modern China, Shanxi has its own unique provincial conditions. The impact of the church schools on Shanxi's old-style education, coupled with the financial assistance of Shanxi's Shanxi merchants, has brought about new and old factors that promote the reform of the education system. Shanxi Academy for the reform of the school to provide better conditions than other provinces. In the course of the modernization of Shanxi's education, Governor Zhang Zhidong and Hu Pin had a great impact on Shanxi's education.From Zhang Zhidong's establishment of the new-style academies-Ling Tak Tong, to Hu Ping-zhi 's transformation of the Lingde Tong Academy, We can clearly see the situation of Shanxi's education in the period of new and old alternation, and to another extent, it also reflects the regulating function of the academy itself and its internal movement towards the new in the movement of college reform. The reform of Shanxi Academy in late Qing Dynasty was carried out under the background of the whole country, and it experienced the decline of the old academy, the establishment of the new-style academy, the establishment of the new-style academy, and the establishment of the new-style school in Shanxi in the late Qing Dynasty, while in the course of the establishment of the new-style school in the late Qing Dynasty, Most of the primary and secondary schools have been reformed from the old academies, and most of the colleges and universities have been built up. Together, they constitute the basic system of modern education in Shanxi. It shows the complicated process, expounds the function and problems of students and teachers in Shanxi school, and analyzes their influence on Shanxi's modern history. At the end of this paper, the spirit of the traditional academy and its modern educational value are preliminarily discussed. After the reform of the academy in the late Qing Dynasty, the famous scholars expound the educational value of the academy and the malpractice of the modern educational system. To reveal the college reform to today's education reference and enlightenment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G649.299

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