發(fā)布時間：2018-01-12 23:29

  本文關鍵詞：中國農村義務教育投入問題研究　出處：《華中師范大學》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 農村問題 義務教育 經費投入

【摘要】： 農業(yè)、農村和農民問題是當代我國經濟和社會發(fā)展的突出問題，其發(fā)展狀況將在很大程度上決定中國現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展進程。農村的發(fā)展和農村現(xiàn)代化靠提高農民的素質，而農民素質的提高要靠教育。發(fā)展農村義務教育，是提高農民文化素質的主要手段，只有改革和發(fā)展農村義務教育，提高農村人口的素質，提高整個中華民族素質的目標才有可能成為現(xiàn)實。近年來，農村地區(qū)教育問題尤其是農村義務教育問題已成為學者們關注和討論的焦點。國家把農村義務教育作為中國教育改革和發(fā)展的重點，通過政策上的傾斜和資金上的投入對農村地區(qū)教育給予了高度的重視，使得農村教育在農村改革和農村經濟發(fā)展的帶動下，獲得了長足的發(fā)展。 伴隨著政府職能的轉變和財政體制改革的發(fā)展，，我國農村義務教育實行的“地方負責、分級管理、以縣為主”的管理體制也在逐步完善，國家也在逐步加大對農村地區(qū)義務教育的扶持力度。但是，農村義務教育經費投入問題總是困擾著農村義務教育的發(fā)展，要保障農村義務教育經費投入的穩(wěn)定性、可持續(xù)性，是農村義務教育發(fā)展的當務之急。 全文除引言之外共分四個部分： 第一部分：農村義務教育投入問題概述。闡述了公共品供給的一般理論，分析了義務教育的公共品屬性，進而對我國義務教育經費投入的一般理論知識作了較全面的介紹。最后介紹了國外的義務教育經費投入的經驗，這無疑對完善我國義務教育經費投入有著重要的意義。 第二部分：我國義務教育投入發(fā)展歷程。從20世紀80年代義務教育法的頒布，稅費改革，“一費制”改革直到取消農業(yè)稅，每一次改革都影響著我國農村義務教育經費投入。從“全民辦教育”到“國家辦教育”，從“以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為主”的財政投入體制到“以縣為主”投入體制的確立，我國的農村義務教育財政體制在逐步完善，農民也在政策的完善中逐步減輕自身的負擔，國家也在逐步加大對農村義務教育的投入比例。但是，每一項政策的改革對農村義務教育的經費投入都有著一定的影響。本文對國家義務教育財政體制的改革對農村義務教育經費投入的影響做了詳細的概述。 第三部分：我國農村義務教育投入體制面臨的困境。國家對農村義務教育經費投入不足以及投入不均衡是我國農村義務教育投入體制面臨的兩個重大的問題。國家的總體教育投資過于向高等教育傾斜，義務教育投資比例相對偏低；國家對義務教育總投資中，教育事業(yè)經費與教育基本建設投資比例不協(xié)調，基建投資比例偏低：地方政府尤其是地方基層政府承擔著農村義務教育經費投資的主要責任，而中央、省級政府在農村義務教育經費的籌資中只占有少部分的份額。同時目前我國的義務教育還存在著投入不均衡的現(xiàn)象，主要表現(xiàn)為義務教育的投資存在著巨大的城鄉(xiāng)差異與地域差異。 第四部分：農村義務教育經費保障機制改革。2005年12月，國務院頒布《關于深化農村義務教育經費保障機制改革的通知》。中西部農村地區(qū)實施學雜費全免的義務教育。意味著以前的義務教育財政政策退出歷史舞臺，中央政府和省級政府成為農村義務教育投入主體。本文對我省恩施州在2006年實施農村義務教育經費保障機制的試點工作進行調查，得出第一手資料，分析發(fā)現(xiàn)農村義務教育經費保障機制雖然給農村中小學生帶來了實惠，但是在其他一些方面仍然有待進一步完善。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處有兩點： 第一，本文以中國改革開放為背景，以中國教育改革、財政體制變革為依托，宏觀梳理了中國農村義務教育投入的發(fā)展歷程，并對其中重要的五個發(fā)展階段進行了較為深入的分析、研究。 第二，本文以個案分析的方式，通過實地調查，以第一手資料、數據展示中國農村義務教育經費保障機制試點地區(qū)的具體運行情況。既闡明這一改革的劃時代的意義，也找出其中有待進一步改進的地方，以期待中國農村義務教育的投入機制更加合理、更加科學。
[Abstract]:The problems of agriculture , countryside and farmers are the outstanding problems of the economic and social development of our country . The development of the rural areas will depend to a great extent on the development process of China ' s modernization . The development of the countryside and the modernization of the countryside are the main means to improve the peasants ' cultural quality . In recent years , the rural compulsory education is the main means to improve the peasants ' cultural quality . With the transformation of government function and the development of financial system reform , the management system of rural compulsory education in our country is gradually perfected , and the state is gradually improving the support of compulsory education in rural areas . However , the problem of the investment of compulsory education in rural areas has always puzzled the development of compulsory education in rural areas , and it is urgent to guarantee the stability and sustainability of rural compulsory education . The full text is divided into four parts except the preface : The first part : The general theory of public goods supply , analyses the public goods attribute of compulsory education , and makes a comprehensive introduction to the general theoretical knowledge of compulsory education funds in China . Finally , it introduces the experience of the investment of compulsory education abroad , which is undoubtedly of great significance to improve the investment of compulsory education in our country . The second part : The development course of compulsory education in our country . From the promulgation of the compulsory education law in the 1980s , the reform of tax and fee , the reform of " one fee system " to the abolition of agricultural tax , every reform affects the investment of rural compulsory education in our country . From the " whole private education " to " state - run education " , the rural compulsory education financial system is gradually perfected . The reform of each policy has some influence on the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . However , the reform of the financial system of compulsory education in China has a certain influence on the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . In the third part , the dilemma of the investment system of compulsory education in rural areas of our country is two major problems faced by China ' s rural compulsory education investment system . The country ' s general education investment is too inclined to the higher education , the proportion of compulsory education investment is relatively low , and the government of local government pays the primary responsibility for the investment of compulsory education in rural areas . The fourth part : The reform of the rural compulsory education fund safeguard mechanism . In December of 2005 , the State Council issued a circular on deepening the reform of the rural compulsory education fund guarantee mechanism . It means that the former compulsory education financial policy has withdrawn from the historical stage , the central government and the provincial government have become the main body of compulsory education in rural areas . The innovation of this article has two points : First , based on the reform of China ' s education and financial system reform , this article combs the development course of China ' s rural compulsory education investment , and makes a deeper analysis and research on the important five development stages . Secondly , in the way of case analysis , this paper shows the concrete operation of the pilot area of the rural compulsory education funds guarantee mechanism in China through field investigation . It not only explains the epoch - making significance of the reform , but also finds out the place to be further improved , so as to look forward to the more reasonable and more scientific input mechanism of China ' s rural compulsory education .

【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：G522.3

【引證文獻】

相關期刊論文 前2條

1 畢景剛;韓穎;;農村學校生源“移民”問題及對策[J];教學與管理;2013年09期

2 韓穎;畢景剛;;教育均衡發(fā)展視閾下農村學生遷移城市現(xiàn)象透視及對策[J];教育探索;2012年07期

本文編號：1416499