發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-27 00:01

【摘要】：兒童青少年的情緒適應(yīng)是發(fā)展心理學(xué)研究的重要課題之一,良好的情緒適應(yīng)是個(gè)體身心健康及社會(huì)性發(fā)展的重要保證。對(duì)農(nóng)村留守兒童而言,父母親情相對(duì)缺失增加了兒童經(jīng)歷孤獨(dú)、抑郁和焦慮等消極情緒困擾的可能性。其中,孤獨(dú)感是留守兒童最常見的消極情緒體驗(yàn)(Jing,Qin,Jin,2014;HongshanJunmin,2014)。研究表明,孤獨(dú)感與身體疾病以及心理健康問題緊密關(guān)聯(lián)(Rueggeberg,Wrosch,Miller,Mcdade,2012)。因此,探究如何降低農(nóng)村留守兒童的孤獨(dú)感,增強(qiáng)其情緒適應(yīng),這對(duì)促進(jìn)處境不利兒童的積極發(fā)展具有重要意義。親子分離是留守兒童群體最本質(zhì)和核心的特征(Ling,Fu,Zhang,2015)。本研究將關(guān)注親子分離中親子分離年齡和親子分離時(shí)間這兩個(gè)重要特征,探究二者在歧視知覺與留守兒童孤獨(dú)感之間的作用機(jī)制。采用心理測驗(yàn)法,運(yùn)用歧視知覺、親子分離年齡、親子分離時(shí)間、孤獨(dú)感量表分別測查了1177名留守兒童,包括783名父親外出兒童和394名雙親外出兒童,考察了兩類留守兒童歧視知覺、親子分離年齡、親子分離時(shí)間和孤獨(dú)感的特點(diǎn),檢驗(yàn)了歧視知覺、親子分離年齡、親子分離時(shí)間對(duì)兩類兒童孤獨(dú)感的預(yù)測作用,探討了親子分離年齡、親子分離時(shí)間在歧視知覺與留守兒童孤獨(dú)感之間的調(diào)節(jié)作用以及可能存在的留守類別差異。研究結(jié)論如下:1.無論是父親外出還是雙親外出兒童,歧視知覺都能夠顯著正向預(yù)測兩類兒童的孤獨(dú)感。雙親外出兒童的歧視知覺對(duì)其孤獨(dú)感的預(yù)測作用更強(qiáng)。2.無論父親外出兒童還是雙親外出兒童,親子分離時(shí)間對(duì)歧視知覺與兒童孤獨(dú)感之間關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)作用因親子分離年齡不同而有所差異。具體表現(xiàn)為:較小年齡與父親分離,無論分離時(shí)間長短,歧視知覺均能顯著預(yù)測兒童的孤獨(dú)感;較大年齡與父親分離,分離時(shí)間越短,歧視知覺對(duì)兒童的孤獨(dú)感影響越大。3.親子分離年齡和親子分離時(shí)間形成的親子分離模式對(duì)歧視知覺與兒童孤獨(dú)感之間關(guān)系的調(diào)節(jié)作用因留守類別不同而有所差異。對(duì)于父親外出兒童,親子分離年齡較小,親子分離時(shí)間較短這一親子分離模式下,歧視知覺對(duì)兒童孤獨(dú)感的影響最小。但是,對(duì)于雙親外出兒童,這一親子分離模式下,歧視知覺對(duì)兒童孤獨(dú)感的負(fù)面影響較大。
[Abstract]:The emotional adaptation of children's youth is one of the important subjects of the development of psychological research, and the good emotional adaptation is an important guarantee of the individual's physical and mental health and social development. For children left behind, the relative lack of parental affection increases the possibility of a child's negative emotional distress, such as loneliness, depression and anxiety. Among them, loneliness is the most common negative emotional experience of the left-behind children (Jing, Qin, Jin,2014; HongshanJunmin,2014). Studies have shown that loneliness is closely associated with physical and mental health problems (Ruggeberg, Wrosch, Miller, McDade,2012). Therefore, it is of great significance to explore how to reduce the sense of loneliness of the left-behind children in the rural areas and to enhance their emotional adaptation. Parent-child separation is the most essential and core feature of the left-behind children (Ling, Fu, Zhang,2015). This study will focus on the two important characteristics of the parent-child separation age and the parent-child separation time in the parent-child separation, and explore the mechanism of the interaction between the sense of discrimination and the loneliness of the left-behind children. By using the method of psychometry,1177 left-behind children, including 783 father-out children and 394 parents out of the children, were examined by using the sense of discrimination, the age of parent-child separation, the time of separation of parent-child and the time of separation of parent-child, and the discrimination of two types of left-behind children and the age of parent-child separation were investigated. The characteristics of parent-child separation time and parent-child separation time and parent-child separation time were examined. The relationship between the parent-child separation age and the parent-child separation time was studied. The age of parent-child separation was discussed. The role of parent-child separation time in the sense of discrimination and the loneliness of the left-behind children and the possible differences in the left-behind categories. The results of the study are as follows:1. No matter whether the father is out or both parents go out, the sense of discrimination can positively predict the loneliness of the two types of children. The perception of discrimination between parents and children has a stronger effect on the prediction of their sense of loneliness. The effect of parent-child separation time on the relationship between the perception of discrimination and the sense of child's loneliness is different from the age of parent-child separation. The results are as follows: the younger age is separated from the father, regardless of the length of separation, the perception of discrimination can significantly predict the loneliness of the child; the greater the separation of the older and the father, the shorter the separation time, the greater the effect of discrimination on the child's loneliness. The relationship between the parent-child separation age and the parent-child separation time on the relationship between the discrimination and the child's loneliness is different from the left-behind category. In the parent-child separation mode, the effect of discrimination on the child's loneliness is the least, and the parent-child separation age is small and the parent-child separation time is shorter. However, in the parent-child separation mode, the negative effect of discrimination on the child's loneliness is great for both parents and children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B844.1

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