【摘要】：科學(xué)技術(shù)、知識(shí)技能已成為現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要基石。高等教育作為培養(yǎng)高科技、高素質(zhì)人才的重要抓手，不僅有助于促進(jìn)整體社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，還可以有效拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)人民素質(zhì)提升。要實(shí)現(xiàn)教育快速發(fā)展，就要持續(xù)加大對(duì)教育的投入，只有實(shí)現(xiàn)教育現(xiàn)代化，才能為實(shí)現(xiàn)科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略提供最強(qiáng)有力的支持。一國(guó)的教育水平應(yīng)當(dāng)與該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平相一致，或適當(dāng)超前于該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平，否則，會(huì)對(duì)其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展產(chǎn)生諸多負(fù)面影響。 自從1999年我國(guó)實(shí)施高等教育擴(kuò)招政策以來(lái)，我國(guó)高校招生規(guī)模增速一直保持較高水平，且這個(gè)增速已經(jīng)超過(guò)了同期內(nèi)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的增速。從數(shù)量上看，高校畢業(yè)生人數(shù)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)勞動(dòng)市場(chǎng)中的崗位空缺數(shù)，從質(zhì)量上看，“高知低就”、“知識(shí)失業(yè)”現(xiàn)象頻現(xiàn)。 本文以人力資本理論、篩選理論、工作競(jìng)爭(zhēng)理論等作為理論基礎(chǔ)，對(duì)過(guò)度教育作出了經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)解釋，并結(jié)合我國(guó)社會(huì)主義初級(jí)階段的基本國(guó)情，，提出了我國(guó)過(guò)度教育的概念；對(duì)我國(guó)是否存在過(guò)度教育作出判斷，同時(shí)對(duì)我國(guó)過(guò)度教育的表現(xiàn)、成因和負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)論述；采用供需平衡理論對(duì)我國(guó)過(guò)度教育成因進(jìn)行了分析；運(yùn)用邊際成本、邊際收益曲線，對(duì)過(guò)度教育產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響進(jìn)行了探究；從國(guó)家、高校、企業(yè)、個(gè)人四個(gè)角度出發(fā)，提出了緩解過(guò)度教育問(wèn)題的對(duì)策和建議，以期促進(jìn)教育事業(yè)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的共同發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Science and technology, knowledge and skills have become an important cornerstone of modern economic and social development. As an important hand to train high-tech and high-quality talents, higher education not only helps to promote the sustainable development of the whole society, but also can effectively stimulate economic growth and promote the quality of the people. In order to realize the rapid development of education, it is necessary to continuously increase the investment in education. Only by realizing the modernization of education can we provide the most powerful support for the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education. The educational level of a country should be consistent with the level of its economic development or properly ahead of the level of its economic development, otherwise, it will have many negative effects on its economic development. Since China implemented the policy of expanding enrollment of higher education in 1999, the growth rate of enrollment scale of colleges and universities in China has maintained a high level, and this growth rate has exceeded the growth rate of social and economic development in the same period. From a quantitative point of view, the number of college graduates far exceeds the number of job vacancies in the labor market. In terms of quality, the phenomenon of "knowledge is low" and "knowledge unemployment" are frequent. Based on the theory of human capital, the theory of screening and the theory of job competition, this paper makes an economic explanation of over-education, and puts forward the concept of over-education in China in the light of the basic national conditions of the primary stage of socialism in China. This paper makes a judgment on the existence of over-education in China, and discusses in detail the performance, causes and negative effects of over-education in China, analyzes the causes of excessive education in China with the theory of balance of supply and demand, and makes an analysis of the causes of excessive education in China. Using marginal cost and marginal profit curve, this paper probes into the negative influence of over-education. From the four angles of state, university, enterprise and individual, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to alleviate the problem of over-education in order to promote the common development of education and social economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G521

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