本文選題：教育均衡　切入點(diǎn)：義務(wù)教育　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的推進(jìn),我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)取得了一個(gè)舉世矚目的飛躍發(fā)展,由“生存型”社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型為“發(fā)展型”社會(huì),人們的幸福指數(shù)則到了更高的水平,為此伴隨而來的則是居民對公共服務(wù)產(chǎn)品的需求有了更高的增長公共服務(wù)不到位,不均等的矛盾現(xiàn)象,其中突出表現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)、地區(qū)間、群體非均衡發(fā)展導(dǎo)致發(fā)展差距過大。教育、醫(yī)療等基本公共服務(wù)均等化成為人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問題。同時(shí)隨著我國綜合國力的增強(qiáng),財(cái)政收入規(guī)模的迅速擴(kuò)大,這也為實(shí)現(xiàn)政府基本公共服務(wù)均等化提供了物質(zhì)保障和現(xiàn)實(shí)的可行性。為此,實(shí)現(xiàn)基本公共服務(wù)均等化,完善政府公共管理職能,提高政府公共服務(wù)形象,則成為我國當(dāng)下政府體制改革的首要目標(biāo)。 本文以安徽省W縣為例,依據(jù)該縣在推進(jìn)義務(wù)教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化學(xué)校建設(shè)前后情況的發(fā)展,縮小城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育差距等問題進(jìn)行闡述。我國于1986頒布了《義務(wù)教育法》,明確了實(shí)行九年義務(wù)教育的基本方針。但由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展緩慢尤其我國農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更為滯后,農(nóng)村九年義務(wù)教育階段的輟學(xué)現(xiàn)象較為普遍。自2006年始,我國有步驟地在全國范圍內(nèi)逐步進(jìn)行義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)保障機(jī)制改革,義務(wù)教育經(jīng)費(fèi)納入了國家財(cái)政保障范圍,這從根本上實(shí)現(xiàn)了免費(fèi)的義務(wù)教育,徹底解決了城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)生“有學(xué)上”的問題,九年義務(wù)教育才從根本上得以全面的實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是,由于城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的存在,義務(wù)教育在城鄉(xiāng)之間的發(fā)展還存在明顯的差距,城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育不均衡化的矛盾愈加的突出,人們的教育權(quán)益呈現(xiàn)著不公平性,在現(xiàn)有的國情下,資源的絕對平等的分配是無法實(shí)現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí),但資源的相對均衡的分配,盡力提升農(nóng)村地區(qū)的辦學(xué)水平則是現(xiàn)實(shí)可能的途徑。2010年7月,黨中央、國務(wù)院召開了新世紀(jì)第一次全國教育工作會(huì)議,頒布了《國家中長期教育改革和發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要(2010-2020)》,明確提出：“教育公平的關(guān)鍵是機(jī)會(huì)公平,基本要求是保障公民依法享有受教育的權(quán)利,重點(diǎn)是促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展和扶持困難群眾,根本措施是合理配置教育資源�！鄙钊胪七M(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展,大力提升農(nóng)村學(xué)校和薄弱學(xué)校的辦學(xué)水平,全面提高義務(wù)教育的質(zhì)量,在基本解決適齡兒童少年“有學(xué)上”的問題后逐步解決義務(wù)教育資源配置不均問題,以實(shí)現(xiàn)人們“上好學(xué)”的訴求。該《綱要》頒布則從政策上給出了我國推動(dòng)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展的時(shí)間表,這對于推動(dòng)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì),促進(jìn)教育公平、推動(dòng)教育事業(yè)科學(xué)發(fā)展以及強(qiáng)化政府公共服務(wù)職能具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)和深遠(yuǎn)的意義。城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育統(tǒng)籌發(fā)展,均衡合理配置教師、教學(xué)儀器、圖書、校舍等資源,辦好每一所學(xué)校,解決每一個(gè)孩子“上好學(xué)”的問題是當(dāng)前推進(jìn)義務(wù)教育辦學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建設(shè),促進(jìn)義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展的指導(dǎo)思想�？v觀W縣農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展、實(shí)現(xiàn)教育公平進(jìn)程出現(xiàn)的問題主要表現(xiàn)在城鄉(xiāng)校際差距的問題、城鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)與統(tǒng)籌問題、農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育財(cái)政投入不足問題這三個(gè)方面,究其誘因則體現(xiàn)在政府政策的傾向、城鄉(xiāng)二元經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展結(jié)構(gòu)、財(cái)政投入、社會(huì)文化價(jià)值觀念在農(nóng)村中小學(xué)的輕視,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村學(xué)校在資源配置、經(jīng)費(fèi)收支、社會(huì)的認(rèn)可度方面都城市學(xué)校相距甚大。而解決這些制約農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展,實(shí)現(xiàn)教育公平發(fā)展的現(xiàn)實(shí)問題,必須從加強(qiáng)政府職責(zé),促進(jìn)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì),統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)教育資源,加強(qiáng)農(nóng)村師資建設(shè),制定有利于農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育發(fā)展的政策著手。筆者通過對義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展理論的探討以及對W縣農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育發(fā)展情狀分析,初步地從經(jīng)濟(jì)、政策、社會(huì)等方面入手,探索以發(fā)展農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)、強(qiáng)化政府基本公共服務(wù)責(zé)任、制定科學(xué)的財(cái)政制度、合理配置教育資源、加強(qiáng)師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)等為途徑的基本對策,以期能夠進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展,縮小城鄉(xiāng)義務(wù)教育差距,全面提高義務(wù)教育質(zhì)量,使農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育均衡發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)良好態(tài)勢,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)教育公平。
[Abstract]:With the development of the socialist market economy, China's economy has achieved a remarkable leap in the development of the transformation from "survival" to "social development" of society, people's happiness index to a higher level, the attendant is the demand for public service of a product more public services are not in place, contradiction does not equal, especially in urban and rural areas, between groups of non balanced development led to the development of education. The gap is too large, equal access to basic public services such as health care has become a hot issue. At the same time as China's overall national strength, the rapid expansion of the scale of fiscal income, which also provides a feasible and practical for material guarantee equal access to basic public services of the government. Therefore, to achieve the equalization of basic public services, improve the government's public management functions, improve the government The image of the government's public service has become the primary goal of the reform of the current government system in China.
This paper takes W County in Anhui Province as an example, on the basis of the development of compulsory education in the county before and after the construction of standardized school situation, problems of narrowing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education and so on. China promulgated the "Compulsory Education Law > in 1986, clear the basic principles of implementing the compulsory education of nine years. But due to the slow economic development in particular China's rural economic development is lagging behind, the phenomenon of rural school nine year compulsory education is more common. Since the beginning of 2006, China steps in the nationwide reform of funding mechanism for compulsory education, compulsory education into the scope of protection of national finance, the implementation of the free compulsory education fundamentally and thoroughly to solve the urban and rural primary and middle school students" school "problems, nine years of compulsory education is fundamentally fully realized. However, due to the economic structure of two yuan in urban and rural areas, compulsory education in the city There is still a significant gap between the development of rural, urban and rural compulsory education is not balanced contradiction of the increasingly prominent, people's education rights has the unfairness in the existing conditions, resource allocation is not absolute equality of reality, but a relatively balanced distribution of resources, to improve the rural area school the level of.2010 is the realistic ways possible in July, the CPC Central Committee, the State Council held the first National Conference on education of new century, "promulgated the national long-term education reform and development plan (2010-2020) >, clearly stated:" the key education fair is a fair chance, the basic requirement is to safeguard citizen education right, the focus is to promote the balanced development of compulsory education and support the difficulties of the masses, the fundamental measures of the rational allocation of educational resources. To further promote the balanced development of compulsory education, a large force to promote the rural schools School and weak school level, improve the quality of compulsory education, in school-age children "school" problems gradually solve the resource allocation of compulsory education is to solve the basic problems to realize people "demands on learning". The "outline > issued from the policy gives our country to promote the balanced development of compulsory education schedule, to promote the economic development, building a socialist harmonious society, promote education fairness, promote the scientific development of education and is of great realistic and far-reaching significance of strengthening government public service function. The overall development of urban and rural compulsory education, balanced allocation of teachers, teaching equipment, books, school buildings and other resources to run every school, every child to solve the" good learning "is the current school education standards promote compulsory construction, promote the balanced development of compulsory education guidance Want to. The balanced development of rural compulsory education in W County, implementation process of educational fairness problems mainly in the gap between schools in urban and rural areas, teachers' construction and planning problem of urban and rural schools, lack of financial investment in rural compulsory education in these three aspects, the cause is reflected in the tendency of government policy, structure, development of urban and rural areas two yuan economic and financial investment, social and cultural values in the rural schools of contempt, leading to the school in the allocation of resources, income and expenditure, social recognition the city there is a big school. And solve these constraints the balanced development of compulsory education in rural areas, realize the practical problems of the development of education fairness, must strengthen the responsibility of government. To promote the rural economy, urban and rural educational resources, strengthen the construction of rural teachers, the development is conducive to the development of rural compulsory education policies. The author through the compulsory education are To explore the balance development theory as well as the W county rural compulsory education development situation analysis, primarily from the economic, policy, social and other aspects, to explore the development of rural economy, strengthen the responsibility of basic public service government, establish scientific financial system, the rational allocation of educational resources, strengthen the construction of teachers is the basic countermeasures, in order to to further promote the balanced development of compulsory education in rural areas, narrowing the gap between urban and rural compulsory education, improve the quality of compulsory education, the compulsory education balanced development in rural areas is a good trend, and ultimately achieve educational equity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G522.3

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本文編號(hào)：1699261