【摘要】：東北地區(qū)作為北方多民族聚居特色最突出的地區(qū)之一,具有典型的民族族群特質(zhì)和地域性特色的東北傳統(tǒng)文化,這是東北地區(qū)各民族先民在東北地域自然、歷史、社會(huì)、文化等多重因素共同作用,所創(chuàng)造出來的一種適合在地居住的聚落文化。東北地區(qū)少數(shù)民族自周朝開始小規(guī)模的在東北地區(qū)聚居,唐時(shí)期人口繁衍,清時(shí)期人口劇增,尤以漢人顯著,遍布東北地區(qū)。他們?cè)趶V闊的平原、丘陵、盆地、山谷、河灘等地形地貌條件下?lián)裰范ň?其中存在許多共同特征和潛在規(guī)律,是中原移民自身所攜帶的文化基因、遷徙而成的文化特性與東北地區(qū)原住少數(shù)民族文化、自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)文化、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)等多種因素在空間中排列、時(shí)間上融合的結(jié)果,是一種由內(nèi)在到外在集合形式,直接決定了東北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落的空間形態(tài)。家族與民族在“自然、宗教、文化”影響下形成的村落社會(huì)秩序根深蒂固影響著村民的思想和行為規(guī)則,也就間接的決定了村落的內(nèi)部空間形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。因此,相較于側(cè)重物質(zhì)空間表面的村落形態(tài)研究,本文嘗試建立多學(xué)科綜合的東北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落空間形態(tài)研究體系。針對(duì)東北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落的空間形態(tài)特征、空間的承載內(nèi)容、建構(gòu)意義,民族特性在空間建構(gòu)中如何發(fā)揮作用等問題,文章采用形態(tài)學(xué)、文化人類學(xué)、空間社會(huì)學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究方法,積極借鑒村落現(xiàn)有的東北民居建筑與人文社會(huì)研究成果,通過文獻(xiàn)考證、田野調(diào)查,以東北地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)村落作為研究對(duì)象,采用系統(tǒng)性數(shù)據(jù)分析研究,分析樣本傳統(tǒng)村落空間形態(tài)類型特征,重點(diǎn)解析不同類型村落的空間形態(tài)特征及其內(nèi)在的活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和意義,挖掘歷史社會(huì)與空間形態(tài)的建構(gòu)過程,并進(jìn)行不同地理分區(qū)的劃分與驗(yàn)證,解釋表象空間形態(tài)背后的內(nèi)在自然文化、社會(huì)秩序等影響因素。最后,根據(jù)前文對(duì)東北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落地域特色、社會(huì)民族文化與空間形態(tài)的研究為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合當(dāng)下的時(shí)代背景,利用傳統(tǒng)村落歷史文化元素延續(xù)與空間形態(tài)保護(hù)的相互共同作用,挖掘現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中并仍然存在的影響村落空間形態(tài)的因素。通過村落文化的再續(xù),去延續(xù)并再創(chuàng)造空間的承載意義,提出傳統(tǒng)村落的靜態(tài)保護(hù)與活化保護(hù)發(fā)展策略,促進(jìn)對(duì)東北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落文化發(fā)展、歷史文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)及傳統(tǒng)建筑與空間形態(tài)的留存、保護(hù)與發(fā)展,由內(nèi)而外、由靜態(tài)到動(dòng)態(tài)的建構(gòu)完整的由內(nèi)而外的東北地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)村落空間形態(tài)保護(hù)體系,提供適宜有效的傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)與發(fā)展利用策略。
[Abstract]:As one of the most prominent areas in the north, the Northeast region has typical ethnic and regional characteristics of the traditional culture of the Northeast. This is the natural, historical and social characteristics of the peoples of the Northeast region. Culture and other factors work together to create a settlement culture suitable for living in the land. The ethnic minorities in Northeast China began to live in the Northeast on a small scale since the Zhou Dynasty. During the Tang Dynasty, the population multiplied, and the population of the Qing Dynasty increased dramatically, especially in the Han Dynasty, all over the Northeast. They settled in vast plains, hills, basins, valleys, rivers, etc. There are many common characteristics and potential laws, which are the cultural genes carried by the Central Plains immigrants themselves. The cultural characteristics formed by migration and the primitive minority culture, natural environment, economic culture, social structure and other factors in the Northeast region are arranged in space, and the result of time fusion is a form of gathering from inside to outside. It directly determines the spatial form of traditional villages in Northeast China. Under the influence of "nature, religion and culture", the social order of the village formed by the family and nation has a deep-rooted influence on the villagers' thought and behavior rules, which indirectly determines the inner spatial structure of the village. Therefore, compared with the study of village morphology with emphasis on the surface of physical space, this paper attempts to establish a multidisciplinary and comprehensive research system of traditional village spatial morphology in Northeast China. In view of the characteristics of the traditional villages in Northeast China, such as the characteristics of the spatial form, the bearing content of the space, the significance of construction, and how the national characteristics play a role in the construction of space, this paper adopts morphology, cultural anthropology, and so on. The research methods of spatial sociology and other disciplines, actively draw lessons from the existing research results of the northeast residential buildings and humanistic society in the villages, take the traditional villages in the Northeast as the research object through literature research, field investigation, and so on. By means of systematic data analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial form characteristics of traditional villages, analyzes the spatial form characteristics of different types of villages and their intrinsic activity content and significance, and excavates the construction process of historical society and spatial form. The division and verification of different geographical zones are carried out to explain the internal natural culture, social order and other influencing factors behind the appearance spatial form. Finally, according to the previous studies on the regional characteristics, social national culture and spatial form of the traditional villages in Northeast China, combined with the current background of the times, By using the interaction between the historical and cultural elements of traditional villages and the protection of spatial forms, the factors that still exist in modern society affecting the spatial forms of villages are explored. Through the continuation of village culture to continue and re-create the bearing significance of space, put forward the static protection and activation of the traditional village protection development strategy, promote the development of traditional village culture in Northeast China. Historical and cultural heritage protection and the preservation, protection and development of traditional architecture and space form, from inside to outside, from static to dynamic, construct a complete form protection system of traditional villages from inside to outside in Northeast China. To provide appropriate and effective strategies for the protection and development of traditional villages.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU982.29

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