【摘要】：基坑設(shè)計(jì)涉及工程地質(zhì)、巖土力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)、計(jì)算機(jī)編程等多方面的知識(shí),計(jì)算過程復(fù)雜,基坑設(shè)計(jì)程序的編制對(duì)于一般的巖土專業(yè)人員來說比較困難。同時(shí)基坑設(shè)計(jì)使用的是彈性支點(diǎn)法,不能直接得到造價(jià)與各個(gè)影響因素之間的函數(shù)關(guān)系,不能用函數(shù)相關(guān)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。目前基坑優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)只有試算和智能優(yōu)化兩類方法,這兩類方法都有各自的缺陷,計(jì)算時(shí)間長且不一定能得到滿意的優(yōu)化方案。目前我國基坑建設(shè)數(shù)量多、規(guī)模大、造價(jià)高,具有很大的優(yōu)化空間,本文對(duì)基坑優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行了探討,主要工作與研究成果如下:(1)闡述了基坑設(shè)計(jì)的基本理論和方法,設(shè)計(jì)方案優(yōu)選的研究現(xiàn)狀。分析了基坑整體穩(wěn)定性隨排樁嵌入深度增加而增加的規(guī)律,并將該規(guī)律應(yīng)用于基坑優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。(2)使用C語言編寫了用彈性支點(diǎn)法計(jì)算排樁內(nèi)力的程序,并用實(shí)例檢驗(yàn)了該程序的正確性。研究表明目前常規(guī)方法使用將土反力等效至微單元兩端的簡化模型時(shí),使用結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)位移法計(jì)算得到的彎矩、剪力有較大的誤差,分析了原因并提出了相關(guān)的修正方法。(3)提出了排樁抗彎配筋計(jì)算的一種新方法并使用C編制了相關(guān)程序,經(jīng)過與計(jì)算實(shí)例比較的方式驗(yàn)證了新方法的精確性,研究表明要得到精確的計(jì)算結(jié)果,α(排樁受壓區(qū)混凝土截面面積的圓心角與2π的比值)的計(jì)算精度不宜大于0.0001。(4)用編制的程序和枚舉法對(duì)某一基坑設(shè)計(jì)方案進(jìn)行了優(yōu)選,結(jié)果表明:在滿足規(guī)范要求的情況下,優(yōu)化后的方案對(duì)比原設(shè)計(jì)方案顯著地降低了基坑造價(jià)。同時(shí)測試了普通電腦對(duì)基坑優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)算效率,得出了普通電腦能夠在短時(shí)間完成對(duì)懸臂或單道支撐排樁基坑所有方案的搜索,對(duì)更復(fù)雜的基坑所需時(shí)間太長需要使用更高級(jí)的計(jì)算機(jī)。(5)提出了枚舉法結(jié)合地方經(jīng)驗(yàn)或試算得到的規(guī)律來進(jìn)行基坑優(yōu)化計(jì)算的方法,驗(yàn)證了方法的有效性、計(jì)算的高效性,對(duì)于有地方經(jīng)驗(yàn)的地區(qū)可以用該方法提前排除造價(jià)高的部分方案,使得普通電腦也能勝任排樁基坑的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)工作。(6)對(duì)基坑優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展方向進(jìn)行了探討。
[Abstract]:The foundation pit design involves engineering geology, geotechnical mechanics, structural mechanics, mathematics, computer programming and so on. The calculation process is complicated, and the programming of foundation pit design is difficult for the general geotechnical professionals. At the same time, the design of foundation pit is based on elastic fulcrum method, which can not directly obtain the functional relationship between cost and various factors, and can not use the knowledge of function to optimize the design. At present, there are only two kinds of optimization methods for foundation pit optimization, trial calculation and intelligent optimization, both of which have their own defects, and the calculation time is long and the satisfactory optimization scheme may not be obtained. At present our country foundation pit construction quantity is many, the scale is large, the cost is high, has the very big optimization space, this article has carried on the discussion to the foundation pit optimization design, the main work and the research result are as follows: (1) elaborated the foundation pit design basic theory and the method, The present situation of research on optimal selection of design schemes. This paper analyzes the law that the whole stability of foundation pit increases with the increase of the embedded depth of piles, and applies the law to the optimization design of foundation pit. (2) A program for calculating the internal force of piles with elastic fulcrum method is compiled with C language. An example is given to verify the correctness of the program. The results show that when the conventional method is used to equivalent the soil reaction force to the two ends of the micro-element, the shear force has a large error when the moment calculated by the displacement method of structural mechanics is used. The reason is analyzed and the relevant correction method is put forward. (3) A new method for calculating the flexural reinforcement of row pile is proposed and a related program is compiled with C, and the accuracy of the new method is verified by comparing with the calculation example. Research shows that to get accurate results, The calculation accuracy of 偽 (ratio of center angle of concrete section area to 2 蟺) is not greater than 0.0001. (4) the design scheme of a foundation pit is optimized by the programmed program and enumeration method. The results show that the optimized scheme can significantly reduce the cost of foundation pit compared with the original design. At the same time, the calculation efficiency of the optimization design of foundation pit by ordinary computer is tested, and it is concluded that the ordinary computer can complete the search for all schemes of cantilever or single braced foundation pit in a short time. It is necessary to use a more advanced computer for the more complicated foundation pit. (5) the enumeration method combined with local experience or the law of trial calculation is put forward to carry out the optimization calculation of foundation pit, which verifies the validity of the method. With regard to the efficiency of the calculation, for regions with local experience, some of the high-cost schemes can be eliminated in advance by this method. So that the ordinary computer can also be competent for the optimal design of pile foundation pit. (6) the development direction of the optimization design of foundation pit is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP312.1;TU473

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