【摘要】：折疊帳篷在野營(yíng)、搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)和臨時(shí)住房中越來(lái)越受到青睞,它具有材質(zhì)輕、風(fēng)敏感性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn),為了采光、通風(fēng)和人流進(jìn)出的需要,對(duì)建筑表面的開(kāi)洞是必不可少的。房屋開(kāi)洞后對(duì)外部風(fēng)壓來(lái)說(shuō),則打開(kāi)了內(nèi)部氣體的空間,建筑表面不再只單受外部風(fēng)壓的影響,而是有內(nèi)外風(fēng)壓共同作用,建筑物內(nèi)外部空氣壓力的影響對(duì)于建筑主結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)尤為重要,四坡攢尖房屋在墻面開(kāi)洞和屋面開(kāi)洞下的風(fēng)壓分布在國(guó)內(nèi)外規(guī)范中尚無(wú)參考依據(jù),故本研究?jī)?nèi)容為類(lèi)似建筑的抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)提供了一定的理論依據(jù)和工程價(jià)值。為研究局部開(kāi)洞下輕型四坡攢尖房屋的內(nèi)外表面風(fēng)壓分布、流場(chǎng)特性以及室內(nèi)舒適度,本文基于計(jì)算流體動(dòng)力學(xué)和大氣邊界層的基本原理,采用FLUENT軟件對(duì)TTU的足尺風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬,并與TTU現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,探討分析了湍流模型、網(wǎng)格劃分、速度壓力耦合算法等參數(shù)的選取對(duì)開(kāi)洞建筑數(shù)值模擬的可靠性;在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究了單雙墻面開(kāi)洞和屋面開(kāi)洞隨來(lái)流風(fēng)向、開(kāi)洞大小和開(kāi)洞位置變化的內(nèi)外表面風(fēng)壓分布規(guī)律,并探討與分析了單雙墻面開(kāi)洞和屋面開(kāi)洞對(duì)四坡折疊房屋體型系數(shù)和室內(nèi)舒適度的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:開(kāi)洞面積的增大和開(kāi)洞位置的升高對(duì)屋頂面屋脊和攢尖尖頂處的負(fù)壓峰值系數(shù)影響較大;單墻面開(kāi)洞下內(nèi)壓系數(shù)與理論公式計(jì)算值較為接近,洞口位于迎風(fēng)面時(shí),內(nèi)壓系數(shù)急劇增大,房屋被“掀起”的概率較高,洞口與來(lái)流風(fēng)向平行時(shí),內(nèi)壓表現(xiàn)為吸力,房屋被“吹垮”的可能最大;雙墻面開(kāi)洞下可有效降低房屋被“掀起”的可能,其內(nèi)壓系數(shù)可參照國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)ISO4354、澳大利亞或英國(guó)的荷載規(guī)范進(jìn)行取值;屋面開(kāi)洞具有提高兩側(cè)較低風(fēng)速和降低中部偏高風(fēng)速的效果,尤其對(duì)雙墻面開(kāi)洞下作用更加明顯。
[Abstract]:Folding tent is more and more popular in camping, emergency rescue and temporary housing. It has the characteristics of light material and strong wind sensitivity. In order to meet the needs of lighting, ventilation and people flow in and out, it is necessary for the opening of the building surface. After the opening of a building, for the external wind pressure, it opens the space of the internal gas. The building surface is no longer only affected by the external wind pressure, but also by the internal and external wind pressure. The influence of air pressure inside and outside the building is particularly important for the design of the main structure of the building. There is no reference basis for the distribution of the wind pressure under the wall opening and roof opening in the Sipo Zanjian building in the domestic and foreign codes. Therefore, this study provides a certain theoretical basis and engineering value for the wind resistant design of similar buildings. In order to study the wind pressure distribution, the flow field characteristics and the indoor comfort of the light Sipo Shaojian building under the local opening, this paper is based on the basic principles of computational fluid dynamics and atmospheric boundary layer. The full-scale wind tunnel test model of TTU is simulated by FLUENT software, and compared with the field measured data of TTU, the turbulence model and mesh division are discussed and analyzed. The reliability of numerical simulation of open-hole building is obtained by selecting parameters such as velocity and pressure coupling algorithm. On this basis, the distribution of wind pressure on the inside and outside surfaces of single and double wall openings and roofing holes with the wind direction, the size and the location of the holes are studied. The effects of single and double wall opening and roof opening on the shape coefficient and indoor comfort of four slope folding houses are discussed and analyzed. The results show that the increase of the opening area and the location of the hole have a great influence on the peak negative pressure coefficient of roof and the top of the roof. The internal pressure coefficient under the single wall opening is close to the calculated value of the theoretical formula. When the hole is located on the upwind side, the internal pressure coefficient increases sharply, and the probability of the house being "lifted" is higher. When the orifice is parallel to the incoming wind, the internal pressure is shown as suction. Houses are most likely to be blown down; Under the double wall opening can effectively reduce the possibility of the house being "lifted", its internal pressure coefficient can refer to the international standard ISO4354, load code of Australia or the United Kingdom to get the value; The roof opening has the effect of increasing the low wind speed on both sides and reducing the high wind speed in the middle, especially for the double wall opening.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU312.1

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