【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)生土窯居是由遠古穴居形式演變而成的近現(xiàn)代人居住宅,是我國勞動人民千百年來生活智慧的結(jié)晶,有著豐富的歷史人文價值。賦存于生土之中的傳統(tǒng)窯居有著獨特的生態(tài)優(yōu)勢——保溫隔熱、冬暖夏涼,在建造及使用過程中幾乎不消耗傳統(tǒng)能源,它源于自然、融于自然而又歸于自然,符合現(xiàn)今提倡的綠色建筑要求,是真正意義上的零能耗住宅、能源自維持住宅;除了其特有的生態(tài)優(yōu)勢外,傳統(tǒng)生土窯居以自支撐土拱構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)體系,安全穩(wěn)固、經(jīng)久耐用,即使處在地震多發(fā)區(qū),也有屹立百年不倒的范例。傳統(tǒng)生土窯居蘊藏著豐富的歷史人文價值、獨特的生態(tài)優(yōu)勢、力學特性以及豐富的科學內(nèi)涵。然而,傳統(tǒng)生土窯居在長期的建造實踐中并未考慮地震作用的影響。調(diào)查研究表明,地震作用下傳統(tǒng)生土窯居會發(fā)生嚴重的破壞�，F(xiàn)存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)生土窯居仍有大量在役,一旦發(fā)生地震災害,將會直接影響窯居住民的生命財產(chǎn)安全,造成不可估量的損失。目前對于傳統(tǒng)生土窯居地震響應方面的研究依然較為匱乏,已有研究極少涉及窯居結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸因素對地震響應的影響。因此,針對現(xiàn)有研究的不足,亟需開展地震作用下傳統(tǒng)生土窯居動力響應的研究工作,剖析尺寸因素對生土窯居地震響應的影響。綜上本文依托“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃課題“傳統(tǒng)窯居建筑結(jié)構(gòu)安全性能提升關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究”(課題編號2014BAL06B03)開展了以下工作:(1)通過實地調(diào)研獲取豫西生土窯居結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的數(shù)據(jù),以調(diào)研所得資料為基礎(chǔ),統(tǒng)計分析傳統(tǒng)生土窯居覆土厚度、窯室跨度、窯腿寬度的取值范圍;分析結(jié)果表明:豫西地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)生土窯居尺寸數(shù)值分布較為集中,離散程度小,形成了一定的建筑形制。(2)進行豫西傳統(tǒng)生土窯居區(qū)原狀黃土力學性能試驗,獲取原狀黃土密度、彈性模量、內(nèi)摩擦角、黏聚力等基本指標;試驗結(jié)果表明:豫西窯居區(qū)土體在窯居深度范圍內(nèi)為黃土狀粉土及少部分的黃土狀粉質(zhì)粘土,土體土質(zhì)較為均勻,土體性能良好。(3)建立生土窯居動力分析模型,探討模型人工邊界的建立,推導地震等效節(jié)點力的計算公式并實現(xiàn)粘彈性人工邊界下地震荷載的施加。以經(jīng)典lamb問題及外源波輸入問題為例進行驗算。經(jīng)驗算:所建的生土窯居模型及地震荷載的施加方法合理有效。(4)采用分塊索斯蘭法對生土窯居模型進行模態(tài)分析,得到生土窯居隔離體的固有頻率及振型特征。生土窯居隔離體基本自振周期為0.6243s,低階振型為沿自由面法線方向的整體振動,高階振型為窯背覆土的局部振動;橫向振動對窯居影響較大,振動過程中窯背及窯腿部位振動最為劇烈。(5)輸入橫向地震波對生土窯居進行動力時程分析,得出窯居結(jié)構(gòu)在多遇及罕遇地震作用下的動力響應規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明:多遇地震作用下生土窯居偏于安全,而罕遇地震下則極易發(fā)生破壞。地震作用下窯居結(jié)構(gòu)各部分變形較為一致,但處在一個復雜的應力狀態(tài);地震響應沿進深方向由內(nèi)至外有放大效應,中部窯室近崖面部位動力響應最大,其中拱腳、拱間以及窯腿腳部地震響應顯著,是窯居的薄弱部位。(6)以生土窯居覆土厚度、窯室跨度、窯腿寬度為變量,計算分析尺寸因素對生土窯居地震響應的影響。分析表明:地震作用下,覆土厚度的增加有利于改善拱頂土體的受力,但過大的覆土厚度可能會使拱頂土體產(chǎn)生破壞;較小的窯室跨度可使拱頂土體保持受壓狀態(tài),從而有效改善拱頂土體受力狀況;隨著窯腿寬度的增加窯居動力響應減小,加大窯腿寬度可提升窯居結(jié)構(gòu)抗震性能。
[Abstract]:The traditional native soil kiln residence is a modern and modern living house evolved from the form of ancient cave dwelling, which is the crystallization of the wisdom of life wisdom of our country's laboring people, and has rich historical and cultural values. The traditional kiln living in the raw soil has unique ecological advantages, heat preservation, heat insulation, warm summer and cool summer, hardly consume the traditional energy in the construction and use process, In addition to its unique ecological advantages, the traditional earth-kiln residence takes self-supporting soil arch as a structural system, which is safe and stable, durable, even in the earthquake-prone area, and has an example of one hundred years of non-inversion. The traditional earth-kiln residence contains rich historical and cultural values, unique ecological advantages, mechanical characteristics and rich scientific connotation. However, the traditional earth-kiln residence has not taken into account the influence of earthquake action in long-term construction practice. According to the investigation, there will be serious damage to the traditional earth-kiln residence under the earthquake action. There are still a large number of existing native soil kilns, which will directly affect the safety of life and property of the people living in the kiln once an earthquake disaster occurs, resulting in a loss of energy consumption. At present, the research on the seismic response of the traditional earth-kiln is still relatively scarce, and there are few researches on the influence of the size factor of the kiln dwelling structure on the seismic response. Therefore, in view of the deficiency of the existing research, there is an urgent need to carry out the research work on the dynamic response of the traditional earth kiln under the earthquake action, and analyze the influence of the size factor on the seismic response of the earth kiln. Based on the 鈥淩esearch on Key Technology of Safety Performance of Traditional Kiln Residential Building Structure鈥，

本文編號：2285168