【摘要】：近年來的震害表明,填充墻平面外的破壞而失穩(wěn)倒塌的現(xiàn)象突出,給建筑物內(nèi)人員與財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成較大的危害。阻尼填充墻是一種具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的新型減震墻,其平面內(nèi)方向具有優(yōu)越的減震性能,從根本上解決了普通填充墻的常見震害問題。由于阻尼填充墻的構(gòu)造獨(dú)特,與普通填充墻有較大區(qū)別,對阻尼填充墻平面外受力性能的分析不能簡單套用普通填充墻已有的研究成果。本文通過有限元精細(xì)化模擬分析與理論分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,針對阻尼填充墻各主要組成構(gòu)件的受力與變形特點(diǎn)、阻尼填充墻框架的平面外受力性能、工作過程與機(jī)制的分類、變形模式的類型、設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)對阻尼填充墻平面外受力性能的影響及其規(guī)律、阻尼填充墻平面外簡化力學(xué)模型等進(jìn)行了研究,主要的工作和結(jié)論如下:(1)基于課題組前期設(shè)計(jì)的普通填充墻與阻尼填充墻試驗(yàn)試件,設(shè)計(jì)了普通填充墻與阻尼填充墻兩個(gè)有限元模型并對其進(jìn)行平面外單調(diào)靜力加載,對比分析了普通填充墻與阻尼填充墻各構(gòu)件的響應(yīng),研究了阻尼填充墻平面外的變形模式、承載能力、剛度特性,總結(jié)了阻尼填充墻平面外工作過程,揭示了阻尼填充墻的平面外工作機(jī)制,結(jié)果表明:1)平面外荷載作用下,阻尼填充墻出平面?zhèn)纫屏考杏谥虚g兩層阻尼層,從墻側(cè)看阻尼填充墻形成區(qū)別于普通填充墻的“三折線”變形模式;2)阻尼填充墻平面外工作機(jī)制區(qū)別于普通填充墻雙向拱承載機(jī)制,具體表現(xiàn)為:豎直方向?yàn)楣俺休d機(jī)制,水平方向?yàn)槠鲶w單元與拉結(jié)筋協(xié)同工作的工作機(jī)制;3)混凝土框架作為砌體單元的邊界約束,其頂梁受砌體單元抵緊的作用處于彎剪扭狀態(tài),梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域進(jìn)入塑性的程度較其他部位高,但整體上處于完好或輕微損傷的性能狀態(tài);4)拉結(jié)筋既加強(qiáng)了阻尼填充墻砌體單元-混凝土框架的相互接觸作用,同時(shí)提高了阻尼填充墻平面外的穩(wěn)定性與安全儲(chǔ)備;5)在平面外受力過程中,頂層、底層砌體單元與其相鄰的混凝土框架梁之間的相對滑移現(xiàn)象顯著降低了阻尼填充墻平面外承載能力及其剛度。加強(qiáng)砌體單元與頂梁、底梁間的相互作用是保證阻尼填充墻平面外性能的關(guān)鍵。(2)針對不同砌體單元-混凝土框架接觸界面的約束程度,設(shè)計(jì)了 20個(gè)有限元模型,分析了不同阻尼層剪切強(qiáng)度、柔性端填充物彈性模量對阻尼填充墻框架平面外受力性能的影響,基于分析結(jié)果,對阻尼填充墻框架平面外工作過程、變形模式與工作機(jī)制進(jìn)行分類與歸納。結(jié)果表明:1)阻尼填充墻的平面外工作機(jī)制可根據(jù)豎直向以及水平向拱承載機(jī)制的形成情況分為六種類型;可根據(jù)砌體單元-框架梁間的抵緊情況將出平面變形分為三種類型;2)阻尼填充墻的平面外變形模式只受砌體單元-框架梁間阻尼層剪切強(qiáng)度影響;阻尼填充墻水平或豎直方向的平面外承載機(jī)制無耦聯(lián)效應(yīng);3)與提高柔性端填充物彈性模量相比,提高阻尼層剪切強(qiáng)度將更有效地提高阻尼填充墻平面外承載能力與平面外抗側(cè)剛度。當(dāng)采用低強(qiáng)度砂漿作為阻尼層時(shí),建議采用抗壓強(qiáng)度平均值大于1.2MPa的砂漿作為阻尼層。4)水平、豎直方向均形成拱承載機(jī)制,與拉結(jié)筋-砌體單元協(xié)同工作機(jī)制共同作用的阻尼填充墻平面外工作機(jī)制具有抵御9度罕遇地震的承載能力,柔性端建議采用M1.5砂漿或彈性模量≥1.5MPa的填充物進(jìn)行填充。(3)基于阻尼層剪切強(qiáng)度μ0.2,柔性端填充物彈性模量E≥0.5MPa的阻尼填充墻模型,設(shè)計(jì)了 4組共20個(gè)有限元模型,分析了不同的砌體抗壓強(qiáng)度平均值、高厚比、拉結(jié)筋強(qiáng)度、軸壓比對阻尼填充墻各構(gòu)件的響應(yīng)與阻尼填充墻框架的平面外受力性能的影響及其規(guī)律,結(jié)果表明:1)砌體抗壓強(qiáng)度平均值的增加減輕了砌體單元進(jìn)入塑性的程度,提高了阻尼填充墻平面外承載能力與初始剛度,可較好地控制阻尼填充墻平面外變形,降低了峰值荷載后平面外荷載下降的速度,增加了大位移下阻尼填充墻保持承載力的能力;2)高厚比的增加減輕了砌體單元與混凝土框架進(jìn)入塑性的程度,降低了阻尼填充墻平面外承載能力與剛度,不利于阻尼填充墻平面外穩(wěn)定性及安全,在滿足建筑功能需求的前提下,阻尼填充墻砌體單元的厚度宜大于120mm; 3)各砌體單元內(nèi)設(shè)置的通長拉結(jié)筋是阻尼填充墻平面外工作機(jī)制的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一,更高強(qiáng)度的拉結(jié)筋可降低峰值荷載后阻尼填充墻平面外荷載的下降速度,提高阻尼填充墻在大位移下保持承載力的能力,增加安全儲(chǔ)備,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)阻尼填充墻拉結(jié)筋建議采用屈服強(qiáng)度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值大于300MPa,直徑大于8mm的鋼筋;4)軸壓比的增加加強(qiáng)了混凝土框架對砌體單元的約束,提高了阻尼填充墻的承載能力與初始剛度,同時(shí)改變了混凝土框架自身的受力特點(diǎn),減輕了混凝土框架底部梁柱節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)入塑性的程度。(4)對已有的有限元分析結(jié)果進(jìn)行歸納與總結(jié),揭示了阻尼填充墻平面外的工作機(jī)理,建立了均布荷載作用下阻尼填充墻平面外的簡化力學(xué)模型,并對該模型的合理性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明:1)均布荷載下僅考慮阻尼填充墻豎直向拱承載機(jī)而忽略水平向拱承載機(jī)制與拉結(jié)筋作用是偏于保守的;2)當(dāng)阻尼填充墻的平面外工作機(jī)制為豎直方向拱承載機(jī)制,水平方向拱承載機(jī)制、拉結(jié)筋與砌體單元協(xié)同工作的機(jī)制時(shí),阻尼填充墻平面外工作機(jī)理穩(wěn)定,與設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的變化、平面外荷載類型無關(guān);3)平面外簡化力學(xué)模型的物理意義明確,可較好體現(xiàn)阻尼填充墻平面外的宏觀力學(xué)性能,具有較好的模擬效果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the earthquake damage shows that the collapse caused by the destruction of the plane of the filling wall and the collapse of the collapse caused great harm to the safety of people and property in the building. The damping filling wall is a new kind of shock-absorbing wall with independent intellectual property, which has excellent shock-absorbing performance in the plane direction, and fundamentally solves the common earthquake damage problem of ordinary filling wall. Because the structure of the damping filling wall is unique, it is different from the ordinary filling wall, and the analysis of the external stress performance of the damping filling wall can not simply apply the existing research results of the ordinary filling wall. In this paper, by means of finite element refined simulation analysis and theoretical analysis, the stress and deformation characteristics of the main constituent members of the damping filling wall, the external stress performance of the damping filler wall frame, the classification of the working process and the mechanism, the type of the deformation mode, The influence of the design parameters on the external force performance of the damping filling wall and its laws are studied. The main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) Based on the ordinary filling wall and the damping filling wall test piece designed by the previous project team, In this paper, two finite element models of ordinary filling wall and damping filling wall are designed, and the static loading on the surface is carried out. In contrast, the response of ordinary filling wall and damping filling wall is analyzed, and the deformation mode, bearing capacity and rigidity characteristic of the damping filling wall plane are studied. The external working process of damping filling wall is summarized, and the external working mechanism of damping filling wall is revealed. The results show that, under the action of plane external load, the displacement of the plane side of the damping filling wall is concentrated in the middle layer of damping layer. From the wall side, the damping filling wall is formed to be different from the ordinary filling wall "Three-fold line" and 2) the outer working mechanism of the damping filling wall plane is distinguished from the common filling wall two-way arch bearing mechanism, which is characterized in that the vertical direction is an arch bearing mechanism, and the horizontal direction is a working mechanism of the masonry unit and the pulling knot bar to work together; 3) The concrete frame is bound by the boundary of the masonry unit, and the top beam of the concrete frame is under the bending and torsion state by the abutting of the masonry unit, and the degree of entering plasticity of the beam column node area is higher than that of other parts, but is in good condition or slight damage on the whole; 4) the pulling knot bar not only strengthens the mutual contact between the damping filling wall masonry unit and the concrete frame, but also improves the stability and safety reserve outside the plane of the damping filling wall; 5) the top layer, The relative slip between the bottom masonry unit and its adjacent concrete frame beam significantly reduces the load bearing capacity and stiffness of the damping filler wall plane. Strengthening the interaction between the masonry unit and the top beam and the bottom beam is the key to ensure the external performance of the damping filling wall. (2) According to the constraint degree of the contact interface between different masonry units and concrete frames, 20 finite element models were designed, and the effects of shear strength of different damping layers and elastic modulus of flexible end filler on the mechanical properties of damping filler wall framework were analyzed. Based on the results of analysis, The external working process, deformation mode and working mechanism of the damping filling wall frame are classified and summarized. The results show that: 1) the plane external working mechanism of the damping filling wall can be divided into six types according to the vertical direction and the formation of horizontal arch bearing mechanism, and the plane deformation can be divided into three types according to the contact between the masonry unit and the frame beam; 2) the plane external deformation mode of the damping filling wall is influenced only by the shear strength of the damping layer between the masonry units and the frame beams, Increasing the shear strength of the damping layer will more effectively improve the outer bearing capacity of the damping filler wall and the lateral stiffness of the plane. When low-strength mortar is used as the damping layer, it is suggested to adopt mortar with an average compressive strength of more than 1. 2MPa as the damping layer. The outer working mechanism of the damping filling wall, which works together with the working mechanism of the pull-knot bar-masonry unit, has the bearing capacity to resist the earthquake of 9 degrees, and the flexible end is suggested to be filled with a filler of M1. 5 mortar or an elastic modulus of less than 1. 5MPa. (3) 4 sets of 20 finite element models are designed based on the damping filling wall model of damping layer shear strength... The influence of the shaft pressure ratio on the response of each member of the damping filling wall and the plane external force performance of the damping filling wall frame and its law are studied. The results show that: 1) the increase of the average value of the compressive strength of the masonry reduces the degree of entering plasticity of the masonry unit, the external load carrying capacity and the initial rigidity of the damping filling wall are improved, the external deformation of the damping filling wall can be better controlled, the speed of lowering the outer load after the peak load is reduced, and the capacity of the damping filling wall under the large displacement to maintain the bearing capacity is increased; 2) the increase of the high-thickness ratio reduces the degree of entering plasticity of the masonry unit and the concrete frame, reduces the outer bearing capacity and the rigidity of the damping-filled wall plane, is unfavorable for the external stability and the safety of the damping-filled wall plane, The thickness of the damping filling wall masonry unit is preferably greater than 120mm; 3) the long tensile knot bar arranged in each masonry unit is one of the important links of the damping filling wall plane external working mechanism, and the higher-strength tensile knot bar can reduce the descending speed of the external load of the damping filling wall after the peak load, the capacity of the damping filling wall to maintain the bearing capacity under the large displacement is improved, the safety reserve is increased, the damping filling wall pulling knot bar in the design is designed to adopt reinforcing steel with a yield strength standard value of more than 300MPa and the diameter of more than 8mm, the constraint of the concrete frame to the masonry unit is strengthened by the increase of the shaft pressure ratio, the bearing capacity and initial rigidity of the damping filling wall are improved, the stress characteristic of the concrete frame itself is changed, and the degree of entering plasticity of the beam column node at the bottom of the concrete frame is reduced. (4) Summarizes the existing finite element analysis results, reveals the working mechanism outside the plane of the damping filling wall, establishes the simplified mechanical model outside the plane of the damping filling wall under the uniform cloth load, and verifies the rationality of the model, and the results show that: 1) only considering that the damping filling wall is vertical to the arch bearing machine under the uniform load, the action of the horizontal arch bearing mechanism and the pulling knot bar is conservative; 2) when the plane external working mechanism of the damping filling wall is the vertical arch bearing mechanism and the horizontal direction arch bearing mechanism, In the mechanism of working together with the masonry unit, the working mechanism of the damping filling wall is stable, the change of the design parameters and the outside load type of the plane are independent of the design parameters; 3) the physical meaning of the plane external simplified mechanical model is clear, can better reflect the macroscopic mechanical property outside the plane of the damping filling wall, and has better simulation effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU31

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