【摘要】：商場類建筑人員密集且波動大,人員數(shù)量的變動對空調(diào)負(fù)荷的變化有較大影響。在空調(diào)運行過程中,以人員密度作為調(diào)節(jié)的指標(biāo)及時地控制空調(diào)系統(tǒng)供水溫度、設(shè)備管內(nèi)流速等運行參數(shù),調(diào)節(jié)制冷量來適應(yīng)空調(diào)負(fù)荷的變化來實現(xiàn)節(jié)能。影響室內(nèi)人員數(shù)量變化的因素較多,難以對人員數(shù)量的變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。本文依據(jù)實地調(diào)研統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),以某商場公共區(qū)域的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)為例,對人員密度變化時空調(diào)系統(tǒng)運行參數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)進(jìn)行分析。以廣州市某購物中心為例,在營業(yè)時間段,對商場內(nèi)各區(qū)域的人員數(shù)量和商店的分布情況進(jìn)行調(diào)研統(tǒng)計,分析人員數(shù)量日變化曲線的規(guī)律。調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),人員數(shù)量日變化曲線有一定的規(guī)律可循。人員數(shù)量是時間和空間上都存在差異,經(jīng)營內(nèi)容不同的商店人員數(shù)量變化曲線不同,不同日期人員變化曲線也有所不同。商場公共區(qū)域人員數(shù)量中,交通便利的首層、地下一層人員密度約為其他樓層的1.5倍,而周末的人員密度約為工作日的1.5倍。對比上世紀(jì)約為1m2/人的峰值占地面積,現(xiàn)已有較大的提高,超市、服裝店等提高至8~9m2/人。人員較為密集的餐廳和咖啡廳,人均占地面積也只有2.2 m2/人。參考美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的新風(fēng)量計算方法,經(jīng)計算,商場平時新風(fēng)量推薦指標(biāo)范圍為25~35[m3/(h·人)]。根據(jù)人員數(shù)量的日變化曲線,提出“單峰”、“雙峰”兩類曲線來代表商場人員數(shù)量的變化情況,以商場公共區(qū)域空調(diào)系統(tǒng)為例,以實際的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和當(dāng)?shù)貥?biāo)準(zhǔn)年的氣象參數(shù)為計算條件,模擬“單峰”、“雙峰”兩個不同的人員變化曲線在5-10月的逐時空調(diào)負(fù)荷。結(jié)果顯示,人員引起的冷負(fù)荷在室內(nèi)負(fù)荷的最大比例近40%,而人員負(fù)荷和新風(fēng)負(fù)荷之和在空調(diào)系統(tǒng)負(fù)荷的最大比例高達(dá)60%。人員數(shù)量的變化對空調(diào)負(fù)荷有很大的影響。以商場空調(diào)系統(tǒng)為例,根據(jù)負(fù)荷的計算結(jié)果,以全空氣一次回風(fēng)系統(tǒng)形式對每個工況的空氣處理過程進(jìn)行計算,分析送風(fēng)參數(shù)的與人員數(shù)量變化的規(guī)律。人員數(shù)量變動雖然會改變空調(diào)負(fù)荷,同時也影響系統(tǒng)的送風(fēng)溫差,有相互抵銷作用,使送風(fēng)量沒有明顯的變化。而送風(fēng)溫度受人員的影響較大,相同的室外條件下,人數(shù)越多要求的送風(fēng)溫度越低�？紤]實際控制中商場的差異性,采用人員密度作為調(diào)節(jié)的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析。在可獲得實時氣象參數(shù)和實時人員數(shù)量補償控制的情況,以某種人員數(shù)量的變化曲線作為參照,分析實際曲線與參照曲線之間運行參數(shù)調(diào)節(jié)量與人員密度修正量之間的數(shù)量關(guān)系,作為控制的依據(jù)。以送風(fēng)溫度為例,參照《公共建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》提出的基準(zhǔn)曲線,更適用于人員變化規(guī)律復(fù)雜的情況。在定水溫和定流速兩種控制模式中,保持量的大小值不同,調(diào)節(jié)量隨負(fù)荷變化的調(diào)節(jié)幅度也不同。以七月份為例,擬合各種控制方式的調(diào)節(jié)比例和偏移修正量。結(jié)果顯示,基于參考人員變化曲線,依據(jù)人員密度的修正量來調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)運行參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)量,有明顯的數(shù)量關(guān)系,有一定的工程實用意義。
[Abstract]:In the process of air-conditioning operation, the operating parameters of air-conditioning system, such as temperature of water supply, velocity of flow in the tube of equipment, are controlled timely with the density of personnel as the adjusting index, and the refrigeration capacity is adjusted to meet the change of air-conditioning load to achieve energy saving. There are many factors affecting the change of the number of indoor staff, so it is difficult to accurately predict the law of the change of the number of indoor staff. Based on the field investigation and statistical data, this paper takes the air conditioning system in a public area of a shopping mall as an example to analyze the adjustment of the operating parameters of the space-time adjusting system for the change of the density of personnel. Time period, the number of people and the distribution of stores in different areas of the shopping mall survey statistics, analysis of the number of people daily change curve law. Research found that the number of people daily change curve has a certain law to follow. The number of people on the ground floor is about 1.5 times that of the other floors, and the density of people on the weekend is about 1.5 times that of the working day. The average area of restaurants and cafes with dense staff is only 2.2 m2 per person. Referring to the calculation method of fresh air volume according to American standard, the recommended index range of fresh air volume is 25-35 [m3 /(h /)]. Taking the air conditioning system in public area of shopping malls as an example, taking the actual building structure and the meteorological parameters of the local standard year as the calculation conditions, the time-space load adjustment of the "single peak" and "double peak" two different personnel change curves from May to October was simulated. The maximum load ratio is nearly 40%, and the maximum load ratio of the personnel load and the fresh air load is up to 60%. The change of the number of personnel has a great impact on the air conditioning load. Calculate and analyze the law of the change of the air supply parameters and the number of people. Although the change of the number of people will change the air conditioning load, but also affect the air supply temperature difference of the system, there is a mutual offset effect, so that the air supply volume has no obvious change. Low. Considering the difference of the shopping mall in the actual control, the personnel density is used as the adjustment index to analyze. When the real-time meteorological parameters and the real-time compensation control of the number of personnel can be obtained, the operation parameter adjustment and the personnel density correction between the actual curve and the reference curve are analyzed with the change curve of the number of personnel as a reference. Taking the air supply temperature as an example and referring to the benchmark curve proposed by the Energy Saving Standard for Public Buildings, it is more suitable for the case of complicated personnel variation law. The results show that, based on the change curve of reference personnel and the modification of personnel density, the adjustment quantity of system operation parameters can be adjusted according to the modification quantity of personnel density.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU831

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