本文選題：高大空間 + 透明圍護結構總面積　； 參考：《東華大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：能源消耗現在已經是中國的一個重要問題,其中建筑能耗已約占總能耗的23%,特別是作為建筑能耗的主要組成部分的供暖供冷能耗。在冬季需要熱風供暖的高大建筑空間中,由于浮力的作用,熱空氣會上浮,驅使室內熱量在空間上部積累,從而導致下部人員空間的氣溫相對較低,故熱風供暖時的能耗問題一直是暖通空調領域關注的重點。近年來,透明圍護結構(玻璃窗)的面積比逐漸增大,進一步加劇了高大空間熱風供暖時室內空間上部熱空氣積累與下部人員空間熱量需求之間的矛盾。當建筑側墻上玻璃面積比例較大時,由于內表面溫度相對較低,使其附近空氣降溫下沉并在下部堆積,從而導致高大空間室內上下溫差過大的現象。本文首先通過實驗數據驗證了數值模擬方法的可信度和準確性,然后將數值模擬方法應用于本文需要研究的高大空間。利用數值模擬方法探究了透明圍護結構面積和位置對高大空間熱風供暖效果的影響。研究結果表明,天窗表面附近冷空氣的下沉氣流對上浮熱氣流造成了干擾作用,減小了室內熱力分層現象。當送風速度和風口面積一定時,溫度梯度隨著平天窗面積的增大而減小。隨著平天窗玻璃面積增大,高大空間上部溫度明顯下降,但人員空間溫度下降幅度并不大。當側墻上有較大玻璃面積時,由于側窗表面附近冷空氣沿著冷表面下沉到地面附近,同時進一步阻止了送風熱氣流進入人員空間,造成室內溫度分層現象明顯,側墻上的玻璃面積的增大則會顯著增大室內垂直溫度分布并大幅降低人員空間溫度。因此,在窗戶位置由屋頂向側墻遷移過程中,即使玻璃總面積不變,人員空間溫度也會明顯下降并且室內垂直溫度梯度增大。天窗面積和側窗面積的增加均會增大能耗,但天窗面積增加造成的能耗增量不明顯,并且降低了室內垂直溫度梯度,而側窗面積增加則會大幅度增強室內熱力分層現象,并明顯提高了供暖能耗。為改善透明圍護結構面積較大的高大空間的供暖效果,提高送風速度能夠降低室內垂直溫度梯度,具有較好的改善效果。而提高送風溫度的改善效果甚微,甚至反而增大了室內垂直溫度梯度,能量利用系數下降。
[Abstract]:Energy consumption is now an important problem in China, of which building energy consumption has accounted for about 23% of the total energy consumption, especially as the main component of building energy consumption. In the tall building space that needs hot air heating in winter, the thermal air will float up because of the effect of buoyancy, which drives the indoor heat to accumulate in the upper space. As a result, the temperature of the lower staff space is relatively low, so the energy consumption of hot air heating has always been the focus in the field of HVAC. In recent years, the area ratio of the transparent enclosure structure (glass window) has gradually increased, which further aggravates the accumulation of hot air in the upper space and the space heat of the lower staff in the upper space of the high space hot air heating. When the glass area is large in the wall of the building, the temperature of the surrounding air is cooled down and accumulated in the lower part due to the relatively low temperature of the inner surface of the wall, which leads to the excessive temperature difference between the upper and lower rooms in the large space. The numerical simulation method is applied to the large space which is needed to be studied in this paper. The effect of the area and position of the transparent enclosure on the heating effect of the tall space is explored by numerical simulation. The results show that the downdraft of cold air near the surface of the skylight has a interference effect on the floating heat flow and reduces the indoor thermal power. The temperature gradient decreases with the increase of the flat window area when the air velocity and the area of the tuyere are fixed. As the glass area of the flat skylight increases, the temperature of the upper space is obviously decreased, but the decrease of the temperature of the personnel space is not significant. When there is a large glass surface on the side wall, the cold air near the side window surface is along the cold air. When the surface is down to the ground, it can further prevent the air flow into the staff space, and the indoor temperature stratification is obvious. The increase of the glass area on the side wall will significantly increase the vertical temperature distribution in the room and greatly reduce the space temperature of the personnel. Therefore, the position of the window door is from the roof to the side wall, even if it is moved. When the total area of the glass is constant, the temperature of the personnel space will decrease obviously and the vertical temperature gradient in the room increases. The increase of the skylight area and the side window area will increase the energy consumption, but the increase of energy consumption caused by the increase in the area of the skylight is not obvious, and the vertical temperature gradient in the room is reduced, while the increase of the side window area will greatly enhance the indoor thermal stratification. In order to improve the heating effect of large space with large area of transparent enclosure, improving the air supply speed can reduce the vertical temperature gradient in the room, and it has a good improvement effect. The improvement effect of the air supply temperature is very little, even the vertical temperature gradient in the room and the energy utilization coefficient are increased. Drop.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU832

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