本文選題：地下防水 + 地下室外墻�。� 參考：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市人口高密度化減少了人均地上使用空間,擁堵的交通系統(tǒng)又使得這種情況加劇。地下空間為人類提供了廣闊的前景,不僅可以減輕地上交通壓力30%～40%,還能提供更多的額外空間。目前,國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)地下空間的開發(fā)和利用主要表現(xiàn)在地下交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)、地下城市綜合體和地下管網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)等方面。雖然地下空間前景可觀,但其建造技術(shù)比地上建筑復(fù)雜,成本也較高,特別是地下室容易出現(xiàn)滲漏的現(xiàn)象,而地下建筑堵漏技術(shù)是防水界一直研討的課題。雖然防水施工技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展,已經(jīng)從剛性防水,柔性防水發(fā)展到當(dāng)前的剛?cè)岵?jì)防水,地下工程驗(yàn)收通過率也逐漸提高,但地下室滲漏水率也在不斷提高,滲漏水很難根治,這種現(xiàn)象被稱為"地下癌癥"。地下建筑滲漏水主要有兩個(gè)表象,即滲水和漏水。本文以已存在濕漬面上有無線流定義了滲水和漏水,分析了地下建筑水平施工縫、墻體表面不規(guī)則裂縫、穿墻管道和外墻后澆帶等部位的滲漏原因和當(dāng)前的治理措施。其中,前三項(xiàng)為滲水部位,治理相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單;而外墻后澆帶一側(cè)處出現(xiàn)了長(zhǎng)為12cm、寬為0.33mm的裂縫,根據(jù)表象定義為漏水部位,說明原防水施工方案失效,研究治理后澆帶漏水的施工技術(shù)是本文的出發(fā)點(diǎn)。借鑒混凝土斷裂力學(xué)中的張開型裂縫計(jì)算原理和通過ANSYS有限元數(shù)值模擬,本文分別計(jì)算出最大裂縫寬度和應(yīng)力強(qiáng)度因子,再將兩者的理論計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)與ANSYS計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,來達(dá)到突出數(shù)值模擬的簡(jiǎn)捷。通過數(shù)值模擬云圖,從二維平面和三維空間分析裂縫尖端、裂縫周邊的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變變化,找出了裂縫產(chǎn)生的具體原因,從而制訂了行之有效的防水施工技術(shù)方案,即本文提出的原始方案,將此原始方案應(yīng)用于工程中,取得了較好的防水效果。在實(shí)踐過程中,通過對(duì)原始方案進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化,從改善裂縫受力的方式出發(fā),提出了適用于地下一層混凝土澆筑前的外墻后澆帶防水的第一優(yōu)化方案,此方案在工程應(yīng)用中取得了良好的效果。但第一優(yōu)化方案并沒有考慮延長(zhǎng)深水路徑降低水流勢(shì)能,于是,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了第二優(yōu)化方案,此方案具有較強(qiáng)的靈活性,不同地區(qū)采用不同種類、級(jí)別的防水材料在達(dá)到防水效果的同時(shí),也可減少成本。第一優(yōu)化方案適用于地下水豐富和地下一層、一層的外墻后澆帶防水中,經(jīng)實(shí)踐檢驗(yàn),其防水效果甚好。以上三種方案的防水效果皆能達(dá)到我國(guó)防水施工規(guī)范的要求,這是本文的研究成果,也是本文的結(jié)論。另外,在以上三種方案的實(shí)際應(yīng)用和推廣中,又提出了拱形方案的設(shè)想,即把外墻后澆帶處部分墻體起拱,充分利用混凝土抗壓強(qiáng)度使得新舊結(jié)合面處具有互融性質(zhì)的防水材料粘結(jié)得更加緊密。
[Abstract]:Urban density reduces per capita land use, exacerbated by congested transport systems. Underground space provides a broad prospect for mankind, not only to reduce the pressure of traffic on the ground 3040, but also to provide more additional space. At present, the development and utilization of underground space at home and abroad are mainly reflected in underground transportation system, underground urban complex and underground pipe network system. Although the prospect of underground space is considerable, its construction technology is more complicated than that of above ground building, and its cost is higher. Especially, the leakage phenomenon of basement is easy to appear, and the leakage plugging technology of underground building is always a subject of discussion in waterproofing field. Although waterproofing construction technology has been continuously developed, from rigid waterproofing and flexible waterproofing to the current combination of rigid and flexible waterproofing, and the passing rate of acceptance of underground projects is also gradually increasing, the leakage rate of basements is also increasing, and leakage is very difficult to cure once and for all. This phenomenon is called underground cancer. There are two main seepage phenomena in underground buildings, namely, seepage and leakage. In this paper, water seepage and leakage are defined on the basis of the existence of wireless flow on wet surface, and the leakage causes of horizontal construction joints of underground buildings, irregular cracks on wall surface, leakage of pipe through wall and post-pouring zone of external wall, etc., and the current treatment measures are analyzed. Among them, the first three are seepage sites, and the treatment is relatively simple, while a crack of 12 cm long and wide 0.33mm appears at one side of the external wall post-pouring zone, which is defined as the leaking part according to the appearance, which shows that the original waterproof construction scheme is invalid. It is the starting point of this paper to study the construction technology of controlling the leakage of the post-pouring zone. Based on the calculation principle of open crack in fracture mechanics of concrete and the numerical simulation of ANSYS finite element method, the maximum crack width and stress intensity factor are calculated in this paper, and the theoretical calculation data are compared with the results of ANSYS calculation. To give prominence to the simplicity of numerical simulation. Through the numerical simulation cloud diagram, the stress and strain changes around the crack tip and crack are analyzed from two-dimensional plane and three dimensional space, and the concrete causes of the crack are found out, and the effective waterproof construction technical scheme is worked out. The original scheme proposed in this paper has been applied to the project and good waterproof effect has been obtained. In the process of practice, through the further optimization of the original scheme and the way to improve the crack force, the first optimization scheme is put forward, which is suitable for the waterproof of the outer wall post-pouring belt before the first layer of underground concrete is poured. The scheme has achieved good results in engineering application. However, the first optimization scheme does not consider extending the deep water path to reduce the potential energy of the flow. Therefore, a second optimization scheme is proposed on the basis of which the scheme has strong flexibility, and different types are adopted in different regions. Grade of waterproof material in achieving waterproof effect, but also reduce the cost. The first optimization scheme is suitable for the waterproofing of the outer wall with the first layer of underground water and the first layer of underground water. It is proved by practice that its waterproof effect is very good. The waterproofing effect of the above three schemes can meet the requirements of our country's waterproof construction code, which is the research result of this paper and the conclusion of this paper. In addition, in the practical application and popularization of the above three schemes, the idea of arched scheme is also put forward, that is, to arch part of the wall at the post pouring zone of the external wall. Making full use of the compressive strength of concrete, the waterproof material with the property of mutual melting at the new and old joints is bonded more closely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU94;TU761.11

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