本文選題：低矮房屋 + 極值風(fēng)壓��； 參考：《湖南科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國沿海地區(qū)分布著量大而廣的低矮建筑,每年受臺(tái)風(fēng)影響造成巨大的損失。風(fēng)災(zāi)統(tǒng)計(jì)表明,低矮房屋的損毀主要表現(xiàn)為迎風(fēng)屋面角部、邊緣和屋脊等易損部位先損毀并進(jìn)而引發(fā)建筑的整體倒塌,而風(fēng)壓極值往往是研究屋面局部風(fēng)壓提高建筑抗風(fēng)能力的關(guān)鍵。為此,本文采用風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)方法,對(duì)雙坡低矮建筑屋面風(fēng)壓概率分布特性、非高斯特性等極值特性以及極值估計(jì)方法展開研究,為我國低矮建筑抗風(fēng)設(shè)計(jì)提供理論支撐。首先,本文采用縮尺比為1:20、體型比為1.5:1:1的風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)剛性模型,以風(fēng)向角、坡角和地貌為變量,針對(duì)雙坡低矮房屋表面風(fēng)壓分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析,驗(yàn)證了風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性。探討了不同坡角、風(fēng)向角及地貌下屋面風(fēng)壓概率密度以及峰度與偏度分布特征并對(duì)概率密度分布進(jìn)行了擬合分析。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,坡角的改變對(duì)屋面風(fēng)壓高斯與非高斯區(qū)分布影響明顯,風(fēng)向角與地貌的改變主要是對(duì)屋面來流分離區(qū)域偏度與峰度影響較大,但地貌的改變并未改變屋面偏度與峰度的變化規(guī)律。相比Gaussian分布與Gamma分布,GEV分布和Lognormal分布都能較好擬合不同工況下的屋面風(fēng)壓概率密度分布。其次,基于風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比分析了Quan法、Wang法和峰值因子法對(duì)屋面風(fēng)壓極值的估計(jì)精度,同時(shí)探討坡角、風(fēng)向角及地貌對(duì)幾種常用極值方法對(duì)應(yīng)的風(fēng)壓峰值因子取值的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,Wang法較適用于低矮建筑屋面風(fēng)壓極值估計(jì)。改進(jìn)峰值因子法計(jì)算得到的峰值因子取值較為合理。最后,以風(fēng)向角和屋面坡角為變量,探討了B類地貌下屋面局部分區(qū)陣風(fēng)系數(shù)以及風(fēng)壓極值的變化規(guī)律,同時(shí)與我國現(xiàn)行規(guī)范陣風(fēng)系數(shù)取值進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果表明,風(fēng)向角對(duì)45°坡角低矮房屋迎風(fēng)屋檐、屋脊、角部區(qū)域陣風(fēng)系數(shù)影響較明顯。我國規(guī)范陣風(fēng)系數(shù)和風(fēng)壓極值的建議取值小于風(fēng)洞試驗(yàn)值,可能低估屋面局部設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)荷載,不利于結(jié)構(gòu)抗風(fēng)。
[Abstract]:There are large and wide low buildings in coastal areas of China. Wind disaster statistics show that the damage of low-rise houses is mainly manifested in the corner of the upwind roof, the edge and the roof ridge and other vulnerable parts first damaged and then caused the overall collapse of the building. The extreme value of wind pressure is the key to study the local wind pressure of roof to improve building wind resistance. Therefore, in this paper, the wind tunnel test method is used to study the probability distribution characteristics of wind pressure, non- characteristics and extreme value estimation method of the roof of double-slope low-rise buildings, which provides theoretical support for the wind-resistant design of low-rise buildings in China. Firstly, a rigid wind tunnel test model with a scale ratio of 1: 20 and a figure ratio of 1.5: 1: 1 is adopted in this paper. The wind direction angle, slope angle and geomorphology are taken as variables, and the distribution of wind pressure on the surface of double-slope low-rise buildings is analyzed, and the accuracy of wind tunnel test data is verified. The probability density, kurtosis and skewness distribution of roof wind pressure under different slope angles, wind direction angles and geomorphology are discussed, and the distribution of probability density is analyzed by fitting. The results show that the change of slope angle has obvious influence on the distribution of roof wind pressure in Gao Si and non- area, and the change of wind direction angle and geomorphology mainly affects the deviation and kurtosis of roof flow separation area. But the change of geomorphology does not change the law of roof deviation and kurtosis. Compared with Gaussian distribution, Gamma distribution and Lognormal distribution, the probability density distribution of roof wind pressure under different working conditions can be fitted well. Secondly, based on the wind tunnel test data, the estimation accuracy of wind pressure extreme value of roof by Quan method and peak factor method is analyzed. At the same time, the influence of slope angle, wind direction angle and geomorphology on the value of wind pressure peak factor corresponding to several commonly used extreme value methods is discussed. The test results show that Wang's method is more suitable for estimating wind pressure extremum of low building roof. The value of peak factor calculated by improved peak factor method is reasonable. Finally, taking wind direction angle and roof slope angle as variables, the variation law of wind coefficient and wind pressure extreme value of local partitioning of roof under type B geomorphology are discussed, and the results are compared with the values of gusty wind coefficient in current codes of our country. The results show that the wind direction angle has an obvious effect on the gust coefficient in the eaves, ridges and corners of low buildings at 45 擄slope angle. The suggested values of gust coefficient and wind pressure extremum in the code of our country are smaller than those in wind tunnel test, which may underestimate the local design wind load of roof, which is unfavorable to the wind resistance of structures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU312.1

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