發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-22 05:34

  本文選題：夯土 + 新形式可能　； 參考：《東華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：夯土,在人們心中一度處于比較尷尬的境地,一方面人們認(rèn)同它冬暖夏涼的舒適性,另一方面在觀念上認(rèn)為其粗糙而不“高級”。從當(dāng)今可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求出發(fā),夯土所具有的可就地取材、循環(huán)使用、蓄熱性能突出、造價(jià)低廉等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以看出其巨大的生態(tài)應(yīng)用潛力。正因如此歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家通過對夯土材料進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性的研究,形成了一系列具有廣泛應(yīng)用價(jià)值的建造技術(shù)及理論指導(dǎo),并且呈現(xiàn)了一批具有現(xiàn)代審美價(jià)值的夯土建筑實(shí)踐。受大環(huán)境的影響,國內(nèi)開始針對夯土建筑進(jìn)行一系列的工程實(shí)踐與理論研究。其中理論上主要側(cè)重于對夯土建筑的建造工藝及物理性能方面的研究,而針對夯土建筑形式的發(fā)展研究關(guān)注甚少。因此本文以形式為出發(fā)點(diǎn),試圖為大眾展示夯土建筑在現(xiàn)代應(yīng)用的可能性。本文從三個(gè)方面著手進(jìn)行研究:一是夯土建筑的相關(guān)理論與建造要素的研究;二是對夯土建筑的形式特征進(jìn)行分析總結(jié),提煉夯土建筑形式生成的成因;三是夯土建筑新形式可能性的提出。論文基礎(chǔ)理論部分梳理了夯土建造工藝從傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代的發(fā)展變化,簡述了夯土建筑生成的建造要素。論文針對夯土建筑自身的特點(diǎn),以發(fā)現(xiàn)和總結(jié)夯土建筑的形式特征為目標(biāo),從夯土建筑環(huán)境、結(jié)構(gòu)、外部形態(tài)、空間形態(tài)和特殊細(xì)部五個(gè)方面著手,通過對國內(nèi)外傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代的夯土建筑案例進(jìn)行歸納與總結(jié),提煉出了夯土建筑的地貌融合性、生態(tài)性特征;建筑結(jié)構(gòu)兼具承重、圍合功能的特征;建筑外部形態(tài)的模板形態(tài)化特征、由規(guī)整到自由的變化趨勢特征;建筑空間形態(tài)的由封閉到開敞的空間布局趨勢特征、空間趨于人性化特征;特殊細(xì)部的節(jié)點(diǎn)保護(hù)性特征。以形式特征研究為切入點(diǎn),提煉現(xiàn)代夯土建筑形式生成的成因主要在于夯土墻體受建造工藝中材料的優(yōu)化、模板工具的改良、建造流程科學(xué)化發(fā)展的變化所形成。抓住設(shè)計(jì)形成的本質(zhì),為后文新形式可能性的提出作理論基礎(chǔ)與鋪墊。論文的最后一部分,從影響夯土建筑形式生成的夯土材料、模板和夯筑流程等方面出發(fā),通過案例佐證、建造原理分析和SU模型搭建演示的方法,提出以下夯土建筑新的形式可能性:1、以夯筑模板變化為基礎(chǔ),提出“整體式預(yù)埋骨架”的新形式可能,進(jìn)而形成的“半脫�！�、“不脫�！币约敖饘倬W(wǎng)預(yù)埋的新形式可能性;2、由“版筑”到“砌筑”的構(gòu)建方式變化,提出“砌筑式夯土塊”的新形式可能,進(jìn)而可形成的獨(dú)立式夯土隔墻的應(yīng)用可能;3、從夯土骨料出發(fā),提出透光性骨料的添加可以促成室內(nèi)光影塑造等新形式的產(chǎn)生;4、從夯土建筑與現(xiàn)代材料的結(jié)合出發(fā),提出夯土墻與石材、透光材料等相結(jié)合的新形式可能。最后通過實(shí)際案例,將新的形式應(yīng)用于建造設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中。本文為夯土建筑在未來的形式表現(xiàn)提出了部分可能性設(shè)想,試圖豐富夯土建筑研究的方向與角度,為專業(yè)建筑、結(jié)構(gòu)人士提供新的思考切入點(diǎn),也希望通過對形式的研究讓更多的大眾充分了解夯土建筑的發(fā)展情況,為現(xiàn)代夯土建筑在我國的發(fā)展研究提供幫助。
[Abstract]:Rammed soil has been in a relatively awkward situation in the people's mind. On the one hand, people agree that it is warm in summer and cool in summer. On the other hand, it is considered rough but not "advanced" on the other hand. From the requirement of sustainable development today, the ramming soil has the advantages of local material, recycling use, outstanding heat storage performance, low cost and so on. The great potential of ecological application is seen. Because of the systematic research on Rammed Soil Materials in the developed countries of Europe and America, a series of construction technology and theoretical guidance with extensive application value have been formed, and a batch of rammed buildings with modern aesthetic values have been presented. The building carries out a series of engineering practice and theoretical research. In theory, it mainly focuses on the research on the construction technology and physical properties of rammed earth building, but little attention has been paid to the development of Rammed Soil architecture. Therefore, this paper, taking the form as the starting point, tries to show the possibility of the modern application of rammed earth buildings for the public. From three aspects: one is the related theory and construction factors of rammed earth building; two is the analysis and summary of the form characteristics of rammed earth building, the causes of the formation of Rammed Soil building form, and the new possibility of Rammed Soil building. The basic theory part of the paper has combed the Rammed Soil construction technology from the traditional to the present. In view of the characteristics of rammed earth building, the paper aims at finding and summarizing the form characteristics of rammed earth building, with five aspects from the environment, structure, exterior shape, space form and special detail of Rammed Soil Building, through the case of rammed earth architecture from home and abroad to modern rammed earth. By summarizing and summarizing, the geomorphic and ecological features of the rammed soil are extracted and the architectural structure has the characteristics of bearing and enclosing functions, and the morphological features of the exterior form of the building are characterized by the change trend from the regular to the free. The space form is from the closed to the open spatial distribution trend, and the space tends to be humanized. Characteristics; the characteristic of the special details. Taking the form feature research as the breakthrough point, the causes of the formation of modern Rammed Soil building form mainly lie in the material optimization of the rammed earth wall, the improvement of the template tools, the changes in the scientific development of the construction process. In the last part of the thesis, from the aspects of rammer material, formwork and ramming process that affect the form of Rammed Soil Building, through case analysis, construction principle analysis and SU model building demonstration method, the new form possibility of Rammed Soil building is put forward as follows: 1, based on the change of tamping formwork as the basis The new form of "holistic preburied skeleton" is put forward, and the new form of "half stripping", "no demoulding" and the new possibility of metal mesh preembedding are formed. 2, the construction mode of "masonry" to "masonry" is changed, and the new form of "masonry rammer" is proposed, and the application of the independent rammer wall may be formed. 3, on the basis of Rammed Soil aggregate, the addition of transparent aggregate can bring about new forms of indoor light and shadow molding. 4, from the combination of Rammed Soil Building and modern materials, a new form of combination of rammed earth wall and stone material and light transmittance is proposed. Finally, the new form is applied to the construction design through practical cases. In order to enrich the research direction and angle of Rammed Soil architecture, we try to enrich the research direction and angle of rammed earth building, provide new thinking entry points for professional architecture and structure people, and hope that more people can fully understand the development of Rammed Soil and construction and the modern rammed earth building in our country. Development research provides help.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU361;TU209

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本文編號(hào)：1785847