本文選題：群集效應　切入點：非理性　出處：《西南交通大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來全球由于密集人群誘發(fā)的群集效應引發(fā)踩踏事故導致大量的人員傷亡事故。本論文回顧了前人數(shù)值模擬和實驗的研究成果,研究不同出口位置和不同出口形式條件下小白鼠非理性逃生實驗。在正式實驗之前,訓練90只雌性小白鼠使其熟悉出口位置。所有實驗固定出口寬度為2cm,使用一定數(shù)量的線香(96支)作為小白鼠疏散的驅(qū)動力,使小白鼠產(chǎn)生非理性情緒。本文針對不同出口位置進行群集小白鼠疏散實驗,設置中間出口、邊角出口、距離左邊界2cm、距離左邊界10cm、距離左邊界20cm等五種工況。針對不同出口形式進行高密度群集實驗,設置常規(guī)出口、漏斗狀出口、圓柱障礙物置于出口、圓柱體障礙物置于漏斗狀出口等四種工況。本文通過對逃生模式、平均疏散速度、時間間隔線、時間累計線進行分析,并結合顯著性差異、誤差線、Burstsize值、時間間隔互補累積概率曲線、冪律法則等系統(tǒng)地研究了疏散過程中的群集行為特征,詳細地揭示了各工況疏散效率差異產(chǎn)生的原因。本文主要得到以下結果:(1)邊角出口的疏散效率高于中間出口,小白鼠通過中間出口的逃生時間介于347s到418s,平均時間373s,而通過邊界一側的出口的逃生時間介于251s到283,平均時間266s,疏散效率較中間出口提高約40%。非理性群集疏散中,出口位置對疏散效率有顯著影響。(2)小白鼠非理性群集逃生實驗中最優(yōu)位置是距離邊界一側2cm處。此位置平均逃生時間為229s,較中間出口的疏散效率提高約63%,較邊角出口的疏散效率提高16%。(3)在高度密集非理性群集疏散時,漏斗狀出口的疏散效率高于普通出口效率。小白鼠通過漏斗狀出口的平均逃生時間為248s;而高密集時通過普通出口的平均逃生時為316s。漏斗狀出口的疏散效率提高約22%。(4)在高度密集非理性群集疏散時,圓柱體障礙物置于出口時的疏散效率低于普通出口疏散效率。高密度群集疏散時,小白鼠通過漏斗狀出口的逃生時間介于370s到413s,平均時間393s;高密度群集疏散時,圓柱障礙物置于出口前疏散效率降低約24%。(5)在高度密集非理性群集疏散時,障礙物漏斗狀出口的疏散效率高于普通出口效率,也略優(yōu)于單純的漏斗狀出口。高密度群集疏散時,小白鼠通過漏斗障礙物出口的逃生時間介于172s到234s,平均時間208s;比常規(guī)出口疏散效率提高約39%,比漏斗出口提高19%。實驗表明,出口形式對疏散效率有顯著影響。
[Abstract]:In recent years, a large number of human casualties have been caused by the cluster effect induced by dense crowds around the world. In this paper, previous numerical simulation and experimental results are reviewed. To study the irrational escape experiment of mice under different exit positions and different exit forms. Before the formal experiment, 90 female mice were trained to familiarize themselves with the exit position. All the experiments had a fixed outlet width of 2 cm, using a certain number of 96 rodents) as the driving force for the evacuation of the mice. In this paper, we carried out the evacuation experiment of clustered white mice at different exit locations, and set up the middle exit, the corner exit, the middle exit, the corner exit, the middle exit, the middle exit and the corner exit. It is 2 cm from the left boundary, 10 cm from the left boundary and 20 cm from the left side. The high density cluster experiment is carried out for different exit forms. The conventional exit, funnel exit and cylindrical barrier are placed at the exit. This paper analyzes the escape mode, the average evacuation speed, the time interval line, the time accumulative line, and combines the significant difference, the error line is the value of burst size, and so on, the cylinder barrier is placed at the funnel exit, in this paper, the escape mode, the average evacuation speed, the time interval line and the time accumulative line are analyzed. The time interval complementary cumulative probability curve and power law are used to systematically study the characteristics of cluster behavior during evacuation. The main results of this paper are as follows: 1) the evacuation efficiency of the corner exit is higher than that of the intermediate exit. The escape time of the mice through the intermediate exit ranged from 347s to 418s, with an average time of 373s, while the escape time through the exit on the side of the boundary ranged from 251s to 283s, with an average time of 266s. Exit location has a significant effect on evacuation efficiency. (2) the optimal location in the irrational swarm escape experiment of mice is 2cm from the side of the boundary. The average escape time of this position is 229s, which is about 63 times higher than the evacuation efficiency of the middle exit, and is higher than the corner of the edge. The evacuation efficiency of the exit is improved by 16%) when the evacuation is highly intensive and irrational, The evacuation efficiency of funnel exit is higher than that of ordinary exit. The average escape time of mice through funnel exit is 248 s, while that of high density exit is 316 s. The evacuation efficiency of funnel exit is improved by about 3 8 s. During the evacuation of a highly dense and irrational cluster, The evacuation efficiency of the cylindrical barrier at the exit is lower than that of the ordinary exit. The escape time of the mice passing through the funnel exit is between 370s and 413s, with an average time of 393s. The evacuation efficiency of the cylindrical barrier before the exit is reduced by about 24%.) when the evacuation is highly dense and irrational, the evacuation efficiency of the barrier funnel exit is higher than that of the ordinary exit, and is slightly better than that of the simple funnel exit. In the case of high density cluster evacuation, the evacuation efficiency of the barrier funnel exit is higher than that of the ordinary exit. The escape time of mouse through the exit of funnel obstacle is from 172s to 234s, the average time is 208s, and the evacuation efficiency is increased by 39s compared with the conventional exit, and 19 times higher than that of the funnel exit. The experiment shows that the exit form has a significant effect on the evacuation efficiency.
【學位授予單位】：西南交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU201

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