本文關(guān)鍵詞： 多孔材料 吸聲系數(shù) 隔聲量 非柱形孔 鐵尾礦砂　出處：《南昌航空大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：由于工業(yè)、交通運(yùn)輸業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化的推進(jìn),噪聲污染日益嚴(yán)重,尤其是在人口密集、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)的大中城市,特別在高速公路、鐵路兩旁周邊區(qū)域,成為環(huán)境治理中備受關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。同時(shí),迅猛發(fā)展的高層建筑對(duì)隔墻的輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)度和減少容積率占用提出了更高的要求,因此,薄而輕質(zhì)的建筑用吸隔聲材料的研發(fā)已經(jīng)成為環(huán)境噪聲控制領(lǐng)域的前沿研究熱點(diǎn)。研制多孔復(fù)合吸音和隔音材料已經(jīng)成為了新型降噪環(huán)境功能材料發(fā)展的一個(gè)趨勢(shì),對(duì)提高高層建筑住房的容積率和減少承重有重大意義。多孔結(jié)構(gòu)是實(shí)現(xiàn)材料輕質(zhì)的有效途徑且能有效吸聲但其隔聲量很低,而采用密度高的基體材料來(lái)制備多孔材料可同時(shí)提高其隔聲性能,因此本文嘗試將鐵礦尾礦砂作為中空板材的填料形成多孔夾芯層,以其為研究對(duì)象,探討非柱形孔的吸隔聲分析計(jì)算方法和參數(shù)影響規(guī)律。鐵礦尾礦砂大量的堆積廢棄已經(jīng)給人們的生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來(lái)了許多的破壞,本文的研究有助于找到高效合理的鐵礦尾礦砂的再資源化利用新途徑。本文首先借助Biot理論重新整理了柱形孔結(jié)構(gòu)的理論計(jì)算模型。由于非柱形孔可以視為切割成許多層不同孔徑的近似柱形孔串聯(lián)而成,且其總傳遞矩陣等于各層傳遞矩陣依次相乘;基于此構(gòu)想,本文巧妙推導(dǎo)建立了球臺(tái)形孔多孔板聲傳遞矩陣的理論計(jì)算公式。運(yùn)用Matlab軟件平臺(tái)編制了球臺(tái)形孔多孔板聲傳遞矩陣的專用的數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算程序,探討了減少近似誤差的球臺(tái)形孔的最優(yōu)切片層數(shù),通過(guò)對(duì)球臺(tái)形孔多孔板孔徑、聲波頻率、厚度以及孔心距的改變,得到了其參數(shù)對(duì)吸聲系數(shù)和隔聲量的影響規(guī)律,這些規(guī)律能夠?yàn)榻窈蠖嗫讖?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的吸隔聲材料的設(shè)計(jì)提供參考和依據(jù)。在數(shù)值模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,本文利用現(xiàn)代3D打印制備技術(shù),制備了多孔板厚度為20mm的由球臺(tái)形孔組成的多孔材料試件,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了本文建立的球臺(tái)形孔傳遞矩陣?yán)碚撚?jì)算公式的正確性。最后,借鑒球臺(tái)形孔理論計(jì)算方法構(gòu)建的思路,推廣使用到不規(guī)則孔的傳遞矩陣構(gòu)建上,對(duì)填充尾礦砂構(gòu)成的不規(guī)則孔作了初步探討,并對(duì)填充尾礦砂多孔材料的隔聲性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,為今后進(jìn)一步研究奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本文得出的一些重要結(jié)果如下:(1)根據(jù)本文建立的球臺(tái)形孔傳遞矩陣?yán)碚撚?jì)算公式得到的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與相應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試結(jié)果較吻合,該球臺(tái)形孔的傳遞矩陣可以用于球臺(tái)形多孔聲學(xué)材料的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,且其構(gòu)建思路可推廣到不規(guī)則孔的理論研究中。(2)利用本文借助Matlab軟件所編制的球臺(tái)形孔傳遞矩陣?yán)碚撚?jì)算程序發(fā)現(xiàn)在任意孔徑下球形孔的吸聲系數(shù)都是隨著切片層數(shù)的增加而增大并且慢慢趨于穩(wěn)定,因此本文從趨于穩(wěn)定的區(qū)間中尋找出既滿足計(jì)算精度的要求又能降低由于切片層數(shù)的增加而增加Matlab計(jì)算軟件的計(jì)算負(fù)擔(dān)的最優(yōu)切片層數(shù)。并由此發(fā)現(xiàn)了可利用求出的切片層數(shù)與球形孔孔徑的關(guān)系得出的規(guī)律,為各形孔和不規(guī)則孔的吸隔聲設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算提供參考。(3)對(duì)于單層球形孔,吸聲系數(shù)和隔聲量均隨孔徑的增大而降低;在相同孔徑下,隨孔層數(shù)的增加吸聲系數(shù)和隔聲量在增大;在孔層數(shù)相同時(shí),孔徑越小吸聲系數(shù)和隔聲量越大。在球形孔層數(shù)相同時(shí),吸聲系數(shù)和隔聲量隨著球心距的增大而增大。(4)將鐵尾礦砂顆粒假設(shè)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的球型,利用球臺(tái)形孔的多孔材料得出的結(jié)論和切片的思想,對(duì)鐵尾礦砂顆粒多孔材料進(jìn)行理論計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試,對(duì)比結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)具有很好的一致性。(5)將本文的理論推廣應(yīng)用于不規(guī)則孔隙(如裂縫)中,結(jié)果可行。有進(jìn)一步深入研究的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:As the industry, transportation industry and the rapid development of urbanization, the noise pollution is becoming increasingly serious, especially in the densely populated and economically developed large and medium-sized city, especially in highway, railway on both sides of the surrounding area, has become a hot issue of concern in environmental governance. At the same time, the rapid development of the high-rise building on the wall with light weight and high strength reducing the volume occupied and put forward higher requirements, therefore, thin and lightweight building R & D sound-absorbing material has become a research hotspot in the field of cutting-edge environmental noise control. The research and development of porous composite sound absorption and sound insulation materials has become a trend in the development of new functional materials for environmental noise, increase the volume of high-rise building housing and reducing the rate of bearing is of great significance. The porous structure is an effective way to realize the lightweight materials and effective absorption but the loss is very low, but with high density The matrix material to prepare porous materials can improve the insulation performance, so this paper attempts to iron ore tailings as hollow plate filler to form a porous core layer, takes it as the research object, to explore the non cylindrical hole of the sound absorption of calculation methods and parameters. A large number of iron ore tailings sand accumulation has brought many the damage to the ecological environment of the abandoned people, new ways of utilization of resource, this research helps to find reasonable and efficient iron ore tailings sand. Firstly, using Biot theory to rearrange the cylindrical pore structure theory calculation model. Due to the non cylindrical hole can be regarded as approximate cylindrical holes cut into many layers in series different aperture formed, and the overall transfer matrix of each layer in turn is equal to the transfer matrix multiplication; based on the concept, this paper established the table cleverly shaped hole porous plate acoustic transmission matrix theory calculation formula The special type. The numerical table shaped hole perforated transfer matrix simulation program is written by Matlab software platform, discusses the optimal slice reduced table shaped hole approximation error, based on the table shaped hole aperture of porous plate, acoustic frequency, thickness and Kong Xinju change, got the influence of parameters on sound absorption coefficient and impedance, these rules can for the future of porous composite absorption structure to provide reference and basis for the design of sound insulation materials. On the basis of numerical simulation, this paper by using the technique of modern 3D printing system, porous materials preparation of porous plate thickness of 20mm are composed by table shaped hole specimens, through the experimental test the results verify the correctness of the established table shaped hole transfer matrix theory formula. Finally, using table shaped hole theory calculation method of construction, to promote the use of irregular holes The transfer matrix construction, the irregular hole filling tailings structure are discussed, and on the sound insulation performance of the tailings filling porous materials are tested, and laid the foundation for further research. Some important results of this paper are as follows: (1) according to the established numerical table shaped hole transfer matrix the theoretical calculation formula of the simulation results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results, the table shaped hole transfer matrix can be used to calculate the design table shaped porous acoustic material, study and its construction method can be applied to irregular hole theory. (2) the use of the table form the Matlab software hole transfer the theory of matrix calculation program found the absorption coefficient of spherical pores in any aperture are increased with the increasing number of slices and gradually stabilized, the stable region in To find out the optimal slice number can meet the requirements of accuracy and can reduce the computational burden due to the increased number of sections increased Matlab calculation software. It showed that the relationship can be obtained by slicing layers and the pore of the law, provide the reference for the design of sound absorption is calculated for each hole and irregular holes (3). For the single-layer spherical hole, absorption coefficient and impedance with pore size decreases; in the same aperture, with the increase of absorption coefficient and impedance in the increase in the number of holes; hole layers are the same, the smaller aperture absorption coefficient and impedance increases. In the same number of spherical pores, absorption coefficient and impedance increases with the increase of the sphere center distance. (4) the iron ore tailings as the standard spherical particle hypothesis, using table shaped hole porous material, the conclusion and the strip theory of iron tailing sand particle porous material The results of theoretical calculation and experimental tests show that the results are in good agreement. (5) the application of this theory to irregular pores (such as cracks) is feasible and has the value of further research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌航空大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU973;TU112

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黃真;杜U，

本文編號(hào)：1508540