本文關鍵詞： 鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀 景觀分類 景觀評價 廣西　出處：《廣西大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀是中國民間文化的重要組成部分,但是過去十年,中國總共消失了90萬個自然村,平均每天大約消失80至100個村落。鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀正以驚人的速度消失,這對中國民間文化造成了很大的損失。在面對鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀迅速消亡的時代背景下,提出建立科學、合理的廣西鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀分類與評價體系,為其提供獨立的身份證明,確立其文化價值,為其保護管理和規(guī)劃提供引導。本論文首先采用文獻研究法對國內外相關景觀分類和評價體系做總結,并對旅游資源、風景名勝資源、歷史文化名村的景觀分類與評價體系進行深度剖析,初步制定了廣西鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀分類與評價體系以及調查導則表。采用田野調查法和專家問卷法對初步制定的分類與評價體系的科學性與普適性進行驗證,并根據(jù)調查過程中所遇到的問題和專家所提的修改意見對該體系做調整,最后確定廣西鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀分類與評價體系。本文研究成果主要有兩點:一是制定了廣西鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀調查導則表,指導鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀基礎數(shù)據(jù)的采集;二是構建了廣西鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀分類與評價體系。分類分為大、中、小、基本類型這四類,大類2種、中類6種、小類24種、基本類型192種。大類按資源屬性分為物質和非物質文化景觀,物質類文化景觀中類按照鄉(xiāng)村平面布局的空間性和資源屬性的特點,將其分為聚居生活景觀、農耕生產(chǎn)景觀、周邊環(huán)境景觀;非物質類文化景觀中類按照其內涵和特點分為民風習俗、民間文藝、民間工藝、歷史記錄。小類按照資源的歸屬性和功能性進行細分,主要有史跡、建筑與設施、文物與特產(chǎn)、聚居格局、田園景觀、林木景觀、農業(yè)養(yǎng)殖景觀、水文景觀、地文景觀、地方風俗、節(jié)慶、詩詞歌賦、戲曲、舞蹈、名人軼事等。基本類型是對小類的進一步具體細化。評價體系主要有五大結構層:目標層、準則層、因素層、評價依據(jù)、分值層。由3大目標層,2大指標,14個準則層,25個因素層組成相應的評價指標。三大目標層:根據(jù)鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀的分類和資源共有的基礎屬性,分為聚居生活景觀、農耕生產(chǎn)與周邊環(huán)境景觀、非物質文化景觀這三大目標層,對同類單體景觀進行打分賦值。兩大指標主要是定量指標和定性指標的結合。兩大構建方法:層次分析法和SD語義差別法來設定評價準則、因素層以及評價依據(jù),SD引用非常、良好、中等、較差、差這五大關鍵詞。最后依據(jù)評分結果初步劃定五個等級,一級、二級、三級、四級、五級(特級)。本文還存在多方面有待進一步深化,如數(shù)據(jù)收集的時效性、評價的公眾參與性、分類與評價過程的智能化等。但通過對廣西鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀進行分類和評價體系研究,對廣西乃至全國的鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀保護和規(guī)劃都會起到一定的借鑒作用,希望能推動相關法律法規(guī)出臺,促進鄉(xiāng)村文化景觀的保護和利用。
[Abstract]:Rural cultural landscape is an important part of Chinese folk culture, but over the past decade, China has disappeared 900,000 natural villages, an average of about 80 to 100 villages a day. Rural cultural landscape is disappearing at an alarming rate. This has caused great losses to Chinese folk culture. In the face of the rapid extinction of rural cultural landscape, a scientific and reasonable system of classification and evaluation of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is proposed to provide independent identification. To establish its cultural value, to provide guidance for its conservation, management and planning. Firstly, this paper summarizes the related landscape classification and evaluation system at home and abroad by literature research, and makes a summary of tourism resources and scenic spots resources. The landscape classification and evaluation system of historic and cultural villages is deeply analyzed. The classification and evaluation system of Guangxi rural cultural landscape and the survey guide table are preliminarily formulated. The scientific and universal applicability of the preliminary classification and evaluation system is verified by field investigation and expert questionnaire. And make adjustments to the system according to the problems encountered in the course of the investigation and the modification opinions put forward by the experts. Finally, the classification and evaluation system of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is determined. The main results of this paper are as follows: first, a guide table for the investigation of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is established to guide the collection of basic data of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi; Secondly, the classification and evaluation system of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is constructed. The classification is divided into four categories: large, medium, small and basic type. There are 192 basic types, which are divided into material and immaterial cultural landscape according to their resource attributes. In the material cultural landscape, according to the spatial character of the rural plane layout and the characteristics of the resource attribute, they are divided into the residential landscape and the agricultural production landscape. Surrounding environment landscape; Intangible cultural landscape is divided into folk customs, folk literature and art, folk craft and historical records according to its connotation and characteristics. Architecture and facilities, cultural relics and specialties, residential pattern, pastoral landscape, forest landscape, agricultural landscape, hydrological landscape, geo-cultural landscape, local customs, festivals, poetry, opera, dance, The basic types are further refinement of the subcategories. The evaluation system has five main structural layers: target layer, criterion layer, factor layer, evaluation basis, The evaluation index is composed of 3 target layers and 2 indexes, 14 criterion layers and 25 factor layers. The three target layers are divided into residential landscape according to the classification of rural cultural landscape and the basic attributes of common resources. The three target layers of agricultural production and surrounding environment landscape, immaterial cultural landscape, The two main indexes are the combination of quantitative and qualitative indexes. The two construction methods: analytic hierarchy process and SD semantic difference method to set evaluation criteria, factor layer and evaluation based on SD very, Five key words are good, medium, poor and poor. Finally, five grades, one, two, three, four, five (special level) are preliminarily defined according to the score results. There are still many aspects to be further deepened in this paper. Such as the timeliness of data collection, the public participation of evaluation, the intellectualization of classification and evaluation process, etc. It will play a certain reference role in the protection and planning of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi and even the whole country, hoping to promote the promulgation of relevant laws and regulations, and to promote the protection and utilization of rural cultural landscape.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU982.29

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