本文關鍵詞： 應急避難場所 空間布局 GIS 綿陽市　出處：《西南科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：為了降低自然和人為災害帶來的損失,我國制定了一系列防災減災措施及法律法規(guī)來保證居民的生命財產安全。其中,應急避難場所作為行之有效的減災措施,一直是防災減災規(guī)劃建設的要點。近年來,我國應急避難場所建設方面取得了斐然的成績,但仍存在著布局不合理,服務效率低下等問題。因此,本文在梳理國內外相關研究成果的基礎上,利用GIS技術輔助決策,選取Arc GIS作為空間分析平臺,對綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局進行研究,其具體研究內容及結果如下:(1)綿陽市應急避難場所供需服務能力評價。通過網(wǎng)絡分析法,結合綿陽市人口密度分布圖,疊加分析綿陽市緊急應急避難場所與固定應急避難場所的服務供需現(xiàn)狀,研究綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局所存在的問題。結果顯示:綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局不合理,空間分布不均衡,應急避難場所分布與人口分布契合度低且各場所服務效能差異巨大。(2)綿陽市應急避難場所的空間布局優(yōu)化。根據(jù)現(xiàn)狀問題及相關法律法規(guī),確定應急避難場所選址原則與影響因素。通過文獻研究構建應急避難場所選址模型。優(yōu)化過程中基于Arc GIS平臺運行最小設施點數(shù)量及最大覆蓋范圍模型求解,再與綿陽市土地利用現(xiàn)狀和目標對象的擬合,得到綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局優(yōu)化方案,確定新建或改建城市應急避難場所共13處。(3)綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局優(yōu)化方案合理性評價。從安全性、可達性、有效性3個方面中的9個具體指標對綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局優(yōu)化方案的合理性進行評價,并根據(jù)評價結果,提出綿陽市應急避難場所規(guī)劃實施的原則及場所建設的建議。結果顯示:綿陽市應急避難場所空間布局優(yōu)化方案空間布局較為合理.所有應急避難場所均處于建設條件良好且地形坡度適中區(qū)域。應急避難場所整體服務覆蓋率達到了93.39%的可達覆蓋。應急避難場所距緊急救援設施距離除少數(shù)場所外,均在合理的服務半徑之中。應急避難場所的服務面積達到了88%以上,且總體服務容量比適應社會的發(fā)展及人口增長,能夠在未來長時間內滿足綿陽市二環(huán)內居民的長期避難需求。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce the losses caused by natural and man-made disasters, China has formulated a series of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and laws and regulations to ensure the safety of residents' lives and property. In recent years, China has made great achievements in emergency shelter construction, but there are still some problems, such as unreasonable layout and low service efficiency. On the basis of combing the related research results at home and abroad, this paper chooses Arc GIS as the spatial analysis platform to study the spatial layout of emergency shelter sites in Mianyang City by using GIS technology to assist decision-making. Its specific research content and results are as follows: 1) Mianyang emergency shelter supply and demand service capacity evaluation. Through network analysis, combined with Mianyang population density distribution map. Superposition analysis of Mianyang emergency emergency shelter and fixed emergency shelter service supply and demand status. The results show that the spatial layout of emergency shelter in Mianyang is unreasonable and the spatial distribution is not balanced. The distribution of emergency shelter and population distribution is low and the service efficiency of each place is very different.) the space layout of emergency shelter in Mianyang City is optimized according to the current situation and relevant laws and regulations. To determine the principles and influencing factors of emergency shelter location. To construct the emergency shelter location model through literature research. The optimization process based on Arc. The minimum number of facility points and the maximum coverage range model of GIS platform are solved. And then with the current situation of land use in Mianyang City and the fitting of the target object, get the emergency shelter in Mianyang City spatial layout optimization scheme. To determine 13 new or rebuilt emergency shelters in Mianyang City emergency shelter space layout optimization scheme rationality evaluation. From the security, accessibility. The validity of the three aspects of the nine specific indicators of Mianyang City emergency shelter space layout optimization of the rationality of the evaluation, and based on the evaluation results. The principles of emergency shelter planning and construction in Mianyang City are put forward. The results show that:. The space layout optimization scheme of emergency shelter in Mianyang is more reasonable. All emergency shelters are in good construction conditions and moderate terrain gradient. The overall service coverage of emergency shelters reaches 9. 5%. 3.39% of the coverage. Emergency shelter from the emergency rescue facilities apart from a few places. The service area of the emergency shelter reached more than 88%, and the overall service capacity was more than to adapt to the development of society and population growth. In the future long-term to meet the Mianyang second ring residents long-term asylum needs.
【學位授予單位】：西南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P208;TU984.116

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