本文關鍵詞：基于鉆進響應的巖石（體）特性識別理論與方法研究　出處：《北京科技大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 巖石(體)特性 鉆孔過程監(jiān)測 鉆進參數(shù) 鉆進過程聲響 鉆桿應力波響應

【摘要】：巖石(體)特性參數(shù)的獲取是巖體工程中的一項重要任務,只有充分了解地下巖石強度及巖體結構等信息才可以開展合理地設計、施工與維護。獲取巖石(體)特性的方法主要有鉆孔取芯室內(nèi)巖石物理力學測試、鉆孔攝像以及地球物理勘探�？紤]到鉆孔作業(yè)在以上獲取巖石(體)特性的方法中是一項必不可少的工序,而且鉆進過程中會伴隨產(chǎn)生大量未開發(fā)的有用信息,通過鉆進響應對巖石(體)特性進行識別將有望成為快捷獲取地下巖石(體)原位特性的新方法。本論文從理論分析和室內(nèi)試驗兩方面開展了相關的探索性研究,主要的工作及結論如下:(1)開展基于間接參量的巖石強度參數(shù)估算研究,為了尋求合適的估算方法與技術。通過引入巖石P波模量的概念,提出了基于P波模量的巖石強度估算模型并采用兩種巖性巖石數(shù)據(jù)進行了驗證,結果表明:通過巖石密度和縱波波速平方乘積求得的P波模量與巖石強度具有相同的量綱;P波模量與巖石強度間存在很好的線性相關性,拓寬了基于間接量化指標開展巖石強度估算的方法。通過引入軟計算技術中的最小二乘支持向量機方法建立巖石強度估算模型,結果表明:最小二乘支持向量機相比傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計回歸方法在解決小樣本、非線性預測問題中更具優(yōu)勢,在巖石強度估算中取得了很好的效果(判定系數(shù)大于0.99),可為基于鉆進響應的巖石(體)特性識別研究提供科學有效方法。(2)通過建立地層地質(zhì)界面儀器識別系統(tǒng)中鉆進過程的識別方法,對鉆機工作參數(shù)實時監(jiān)測并對鉆進子過程進行實時識別,運用純鉆進子過程位移曲線導出穿孔速率指標以及鉆進比能指標,確定了地層巖體結構的分類判別標準,實現(xiàn)了地層結構的實時識別。(3)在對旋轉(zhuǎn)鉆進中孕鑲金剛石鉆頭和三牙輪鉆頭破巖過程分析的基礎上,基于Teale提出的鉆進破碎比功概念,引入鉆頭滑移摩擦系數(shù)和鉆進能量傳遞率兩個參數(shù),建立了基于鉆進參數(shù)估算巖石強度的理論模型。通過牙輪鉆鉆進巖石強度估算模型,對各影響因素進行了分析,結果表明:巖石單軸抗壓強度隨鉆進速率呈反比例函數(shù)衰減,與滑移摩擦系數(shù)和能量傳遞率呈線性遞增關系。通過金剛石取芯鉆進試驗數(shù)據(jù)對鉆進巖石強度估算理論模型中能量傳遞率與摩擦系數(shù)間關系進行了確定,并建立了不同巖性巖石的鉆進過程巖石強度估算模型。(4)鉆機在鉆進巖石過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的噪聲,而其中由鉆頭破碎孔底巖石時伴隨產(chǎn)生的聲響攜帶著與孔底巖石特性相關的信息。通過開展基于鉆進過程聲級的巖石參數(shù)識別研究,結合室內(nèi)鉆進聲學測試試驗數(shù)據(jù)建立了基于鉆進過程聲級的巖石參數(shù)統(tǒng)計回歸模型與LS-SVM估算模型,并對兩種估算模型進行了對比分析。結果表明:同一巖性巖石在鉆進過程中產(chǎn)生的聲級變化不大,極差在0.9～2.7 dB(A)之間;巖石特性參數(shù)的統(tǒng)計回歸模型與鉆進過程中產(chǎn)生的聲級相關性較大,而受鉆進工況影響較小;通過統(tǒng)計回歸分析和LS-SVM方法建立的巖石參數(shù)估算模型的判定系數(shù)分別均大于0.90和0.98,表明LS-SVM方法在巖石參數(shù)估算中更具有優(yōu)勢。(5)基于自行設計的鉆進動力學模擬試驗臺,采用鐵精粉、細砂、石膏、水泥制作巖石相似材料試塊,通過應力波測試法監(jiān)測在沖擊式鉆進過程中鉆桿中的應力波響應,開展了基于鉆桿應力波響應特性的巖石強度特性識別研究。結果表明:撞擊桿沖擊速率與鉆桿入射應力波幅值間存在很好的線性相關性,與理論模型的誤差在0.93%,證明了該試驗臺在鉆進應力波響應試驗中的可靠性;對于相同特性的試樣,鉆桿中入射應力波能與初次反射應力波能均與沖擊速率呈線性關系,但應力波能量損耗率與沖擊速率間呈凸拋物線型關系;通過試驗數(shù)據(jù)建立了應力波能量損耗率與試樣單軸抗壓強度及撞擊桿沖擊速率的多元線性關系模型,據(jù)此可在沖擊速率和應力波能量損耗率已知的條件下對鉆進過程中巖石強度指標進行估算。(6)基于鉆進動力學模擬系統(tǒng)開展了含孔洞結構巖體的鉆進響應特征研究,通過對鉆桿中應力波的監(jiān)測獲取了用于響應特征的評價指標。結果表明:峰值反射應力比與沖擊能不相關連,而反射應變比能隨著沖擊能的增大而降低。在沖擊能較低情況下,孔洞結構對反射應力波響應的影響較小。隨著沖擊能的增大,孔洞結構對響應的影響加劇。巖石試樣沿著孔洞結構的軸線發(fā)生劈裂,巖石破壞后反射應變比能有明顯增加。通過理論分析與室內(nèi)試驗兩方面開展了基于鉆進響應的巖石(體)特性識別研究,豐富了巖石(體)特性參數(shù)獲取的間接方法,可推動鉆孔過程監(jiān)測技術以及隨鉆巖性識別技術在巖石(體)工程中的應用。
[Abstract]:Rock (body) acquisition parameters is an important task in rock engineering, only fully understand the underground rock strength and rock mass structure information can carry out reasonable design, construction and maintenance. To obtain rock (body) characteristics are the main methods of core drilling indoor rock physical mechanics test, borehole camera and earth physical exploration. Considering the drilling operation to obtain rock in the above characteristics (body) method is a necessary process, and in the process of drilling will be accompanied by a lot of useful information is not developed, through the response of rock drilling (body) characteristic recognition is expected to become a fast access to the underground rock (body) new method for in situ characterization. This thesis has carried out exploratory related research from two aspects of theoretical analysis and laboratory test, the main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) to carry out the estimation of rock strength parameters based on indirect parameters The research, in order to seek appropriate estimation method and technology. By introducing the concept of rock P wave modulus, the rock strength estimation model based on P wave modulus and verified, using two kinds of rocks. The results indicate that the data obtained by the rock density and P-wave velocity of P wave square product of the same modulus and strength of rock there is a good linear correlation dimension; P wave modulus and strength of rock, broaden the indirect method of quantitative index for rock strength estimation based on least squares. Through the introduction of soft computing technology in support vector machine method to estimate the model, built Tachi Ishi strength results show that compared to the traditional least squares support vector machine regression method in solving the small sample. The nonlinear prediction problem more advantage, and achieved good results in rock strength estimation (determination coefficient greater than 0.99), is based on the response of drilling The rock (body) to provide scientific and effective methods of identification of characteristics. (2) recognition method of drilling process through the establishment of geological interface instrument recognition system, the drilling rig working parameters real-time monitoring and real-time identification on the drilling process, the drilling process displacement curve derived perforation rate index and drilling ratio can determine the index. The classification of strata structure criterion, realizes the real-time recognition of stratigraphic structure. (3) in the rotary drilling of impregnated diamond bit and three bit rock breaking process based on the analysis of drilling, Teale proposed the crushing work ratio based on the concept of the introduction of friction coefficient and slip rate of drilling bit energy transfer two parameters the drilling parameter estimation theory, a model for rock strength. Through the cone drilling rock strength estimation model, the effect of each factor is analyzed, the results show that the rock The uniaxial compressive strength with the drilling rate is inversely proportional to the attenuation function, the rate was increased in a linear relationship with the sliding friction coefficient and energy transfer. The diamond core drilling test data for drilling rock strength estimation of energy transfer rate and the friction coefficient between the definite theoretical model, and the establishment of the drilling process of rock strength estimation model rock. (4) the rig will produce a lot of noise in the drilling process of rock, which is composed of a drill bit broken hole bottom rock with the sound of carrying the information related to the hole bottom rock characteristics. Through the development of rock drilling parameter identification based on process level based on the combination of the indoor drilling test data to establish acoustic test the statistical parameters of rock drilling process noise level estimation model based on regression model and LS-SVM, and the two kinds of models were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the same The level changes of rocks generated in the drilling process is in the range from 0.9 to 2.7 dB (A); statistical regression model and the characteristic parameters of rock drilling process of the sound level produced greater correlation, by drilling through rock parameters influence; statistical regression analysis and the LS-SVM method to estimate the coefficient of determination model respectively. Were more than 0.90 and 0.98, showed that the LS-SVM method has more advantages in estimation of rock parameters. (5) drilling simulation test bench is designed based on the dynamics, using iron powder, fine sand, gypsum, cement production of rock similar material specimens, the stress wave testing method in monitoring the impact in the process of drilling rod the stress wave response, the drill pipe stress on rock strength characteristics of the wave identification based on response. The results show that the impact shock rate and incident between drill pipe with good linear force amplitude The correlation of error, and the theoretical model in 0.93%, proved that the test bench in drilling stress wave response reliability test; samples for the same characteristics of the drill pipe in stress wave wave linearly with the impact velocity and initial reflecting stress, but the stress wave energy is convex parabolic the relationship between weight loss rate and impact rate; the test data should be multivariate linear relationship model of uniaxial compressive strength of stress wave energy loss rate and the sample and impact bar impact rate is established, which in the impact velocity and stress wave energy loss rate is given under the conditions of the rock strength index in the process of drilling (estimated. 6) drilling dynamics simulation system was carried out with rock drilling hole structure based on response characteristics, through the monitoring of pipe stress wave in the acquisition for response evaluation index characteristics. The results show that the peak reflection should be The stress ratio are not related with impact energy, and the reflection of strain ratio can reduce with the increase of impact energy and impact energy. In the case of low, pore structure of reflection should be less effect on stress wave response. With the increase of impact energy, pore structure effect on the response of the intensified. Rock samples along axis hole structure split, after rock failure reflecting strain energy increased significantly. By two aspects of theoretical analysis and laboratory tests were carried out based on the response of rock drilling (body) recognition of characteristics, rich rocks (body) indirect method of characteristic parameter acquisition, can promote the technology of drilling process monitoring and lithology identification technology in rock drilling (body) application in engineering.

【學位授予單位】：北京科技大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TU45

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