面向特大城市的風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指標(biāo)和區(qū)劃初探——以北京為例
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-01-14 17:09
本文關(guān)鍵詞:面向特大城市的風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指標(biāo)和區(qū)劃初探——以北京為例 出處:《氣候變化研究進(jìn)展》2017年06期 論文類型:期刊論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 風(fēng)環(huán)境容量 混合層厚度 粗糙度長(zhǎng)度 指標(biāo) 北京
【摘要】:利用氣象觀測(cè)、高分辨率城市地理信息和衛(wèi)星遙感數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)將氣象類指標(biāo)與城市類指標(biāo)相結(jié)合,開(kāi)展了北京地區(qū)風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指標(biāo)和區(qū)劃的探索性研究。結(jié)果表明:水平風(fēng)速和大氣混合層厚度兩個(gè)指標(biāo)在空間上均呈北部和東部地區(qū)高、中心城區(qū)和西南地區(qū)低的特征;中心城核心區(qū)和衛(wèi)星城的地表粗糙度長(zhǎng)度較高,二環(huán)內(nèi)老城區(qū)建筑多為平房,地表粗糙度長(zhǎng)度小于二環(huán)外其他中心城區(qū),形成較明顯的空心環(huán)狀結(jié)構(gòu);在中心城區(qū)外的植被地區(qū),北部和西部山區(qū)粗糙度長(zhǎng)度明顯高于平原區(qū);加權(quán)綜合水平風(fēng)速、大氣混合層厚度和地表粗糙度長(zhǎng)度3個(gè)指標(biāo),計(jì)算不同等級(jí)風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指數(shù)閾值,在空間上西南地區(qū)的房山、門(mén)頭溝、海淀、石景山、豐臺(tái)以及中心城區(qū)的東城和西城等地風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指數(shù)較低,其中二環(huán)至四環(huán)范圍是風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指數(shù)最低區(qū)域,這與北京經(jīng)濟(jì)、金融和商業(yè)中心空間分布一致;延慶、懷柔、密云的北部以及通州的絕大部分地區(qū)為風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指數(shù)高值區(qū),其他平原區(qū)多為中等風(fēng)環(huán)境容量指數(shù)區(qū)。
[Abstract]:Using meteorological observation, high-resolution urban geographic information and satellite remote sensing data, the meteorological index and the urban index are combined. An exploratory study was carried out on the index of wind environmental capacity and the regionalization in Beijing. The results showed that the horizontal wind speed and the thickness of the mixed layer of the atmosphere were both high in the north and east regions in space. Low characteristics of central urban area and southwest area; The core area of central city and satellite city have higher surface roughness length. The old urban buildings in the second ring ring are mostly bungalows, and the surface roughness length is smaller than that of other central urban areas outside the second ring ring, forming an obvious hollow annular structure. In the vegetation areas outside the central urban area, the roughness length of the northern and western mountainous areas is obviously higher than that of the plain areas. Weighted synthesis horizontal wind speed, atmospheric mixed layer thickness and surface roughness length three indexes, calculates the different grade wind environment capacity index threshold, in the space southwest area Fangshan, Mentougou, Haidian, Shijingshan. The wind environmental capacity index of Fengtai and Dongcheng and Xicheng in central urban area is low, and the range from the second ring to the fourth ring is the lowest, which is consistent with the spatial distribution of Beijing economic, financial and commercial centers. In Yanqing, Huairou, the northern part of Miyun and Tongzhou, most areas are high value area of wind environment capacity index, while other plain areas are mostly medium wind environment capacity index region.
【作者單位】: 北京市氣候中心;北京市城市規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究院;
【基金】:中國(guó)氣象局氣候變化專項(xiàng)(CCSF201506,CCSF201728);中國(guó)氣象局氣候變化創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì) 國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(71473146) 北京市科技計(jì)劃(Z161100001216011) 北京市氣象局城市氣候評(píng)估創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)計(jì)劃
【分類號(hào)】:P463.3
【正文快照】: 引言 特定范圍內(nèi)的氣候所能承載的人口、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等要素的能力是有限的[1-3],氣候容量包含許多影響因子,其中,風(fēng)環(huán)境是生態(tài)城市建設(shè)、城市規(guī)劃和建筑設(shè)計(jì)需考慮的一個(gè)重要環(huán)境要素,其對(duì)緩解城市空氣污染、減輕城市熱島效應(yīng)、降低建筑物能耗以及提高城市宜居性有重要作用[4-
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