【摘要】：行政區(qū)劃是一個(gè)國(guó)家的基本大政之一,中國(guó)歷朝歷代都十分重視行政區(qū)劃問(wèn)題,中國(guó)文明的開(kāi)端便是從“禹劃九州”開(kāi)始。但是在傳統(tǒng)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)文明狀態(tài)下,行政區(qū)劃主要以廣域型區(qū)劃為主。雖然中國(guó)也是世界上最早出現(xiàn)城市的國(guó)家之一,而且曾經(jīng)達(dá)到很高的程度,但是古代中國(guó)的城市主要是政治重心和貿(mào)易中心,以統(tǒng)治者對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)廣域領(lǐng)土的統(tǒng)轄與控制為主要方式�，F(xiàn)代意義上城市建制是從20世紀(jì)初開(kāi)始的,中華民國(guó)期間,市建制便獲得了一定的發(fā)展,新中國(guó)建國(guó)初期繼承了中華民國(guó)的建制遺產(chǎn)。在經(jīng)典社會(huì)主義建設(shè)時(shí)期,受計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響,市建制便由點(diǎn)建制發(fā)展成為一種廣域型行政建制。改革開(kāi)放以后借助于政府機(jī)構(gòu)改革和行政建制調(diào)整,市建制迅速發(fā)展成為行政建制的一個(gè)很重要的一級(jí)。市建制囊括了幾乎所有的地方行政建制層次。本文梳理了古代中國(guó)城市的起源和發(fā)展進(jìn)程,分析了中國(guó)市制存在的主要問(wèn)題以及對(duì)政府職能的影響,剖析了引發(fā)中國(guó)市制問(wèn)題的原因,提出了市制改革的基本建議,闡釋了市制建設(shè)時(shí)期中國(guó)特殊的歷史背景和經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。提出了市制建設(shè)應(yīng)該遵循國(guó)際慣例,注重廣域型建制與城鎮(zhèn)型建制的區(qū)分;以市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)為導(dǎo)向,以提供公共產(chǎn)品和公共服務(wù)為城市政府的基本職能;在行政建制上實(shí)行“城鄉(xiāng)分治”,遵循城鄉(xiāng)不同特征,走不同的發(fā)展路徑;不論行政建制的設(shè)置,還是政府職能的區(qū)分均應(yīng)走依憲執(zhí)政、依法執(zhí)政的法治道路。中國(guó)的市制改革已經(jīng)刻不容緩。
[Abstract]:Administrative division is one of the basic policies of a country, Chinese successive dynasties attach great importance to the issue of administrative division, and the beginning of Chinese civilization begins with "Yu delimiting Kyushu". However, in the traditional Chinese agricultural civilization, the administrative division is mainly based on wide-area regionalization. Although China was also one of the earliest cities in the world and had reached a very high level, the cities of ancient China were mainly political centers of gravity and trade centers. To the ruler of urban and rural areas of territory and control as the main way. In the modern sense, the urban system began from the beginning of the 20th century. During the period of the Republic of China, the municipal system was developed to a certain extent, and in the early stage of the founding of the people's Republic of China, it inherited the organizational heritage of the Republic of China. In the period of classical socialist construction, under the influence of planned economy, the municipal system developed from the point system to a wide area administrative system. After the reform and opening up, with the help of the reform of government institutions and the adjustment of administrative system, the municipal system has developed rapidly into an important level of the administrative system. The municipal system includes almost all the local administrative systems. This paper combs the origin and development process of ancient Chinese cities, analyzes the main problems existing in the Chinese market system and its influence on the government functions, analyzes the causes that cause the problems of the Chinese market system, and puts forward the basic suggestions for the reform of the market system. It explains the special historical background and economic basis of China during the construction of market system. The author points out that the construction of the city system should follow the international practice, pay attention to the distinction between the wide area system and the town type system, take the market economy as the direction, and take the provision of public goods and public services as the basic function of the city government. The administrative system should be divided into urban and rural areas, follow the different characteristics of urban and rural areas, and take different paths of development; regardless of the establishment of administrative systems or the differentiation of government functions, we should follow the rule of law road of ruling by the constitution and rule by law. China's market system reform has become urgent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D630

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