發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-07 07:08

【摘要】：“涉訴信訪”不是來源于學(xué)術(shù)上的專門術(shù)語,而是工作實(shí)踐中的產(chǎn)物。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和社會(huì)進(jìn)步,我國正在由傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)向現(xiàn)代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型,各種利益沖突加劇和社會(huì)矛盾增多導(dǎo)致我國涉訴信訪問題凸顯。當(dāng)前既不可能徹底地廢除涉訴信訪制度,同時(shí)也不宜按照西方法治的模式建立功能上可替代的其他制度。面對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的信訪形勢(shì)和信訪大軍,為了消減直至根除對(duì)人民法院發(fā)展的不利影響,我們必須進(jìn)一步改革完善現(xiàn)行涉訴信訪工作機(jī)制,使其盡可能地與法治社會(huì)建設(shè)相協(xié)調(diào),納入到中國特色社會(huì)主義司法運(yùn)行機(jī)制中來。本文共分為三個(gè)部分。第一部論述涉訴信訪工作機(jī)制的運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀。首先界定涉訴信訪的概念。把其概念界定為:人民法院已經(jīng)受理或應(yīng)當(dāng)受理,或者是正在由人民法院審判或執(zhí)行的案件中,當(dāng)事人或其利害關(guān)系人對(duì)人民法院的司法行為或者作出的生效裁判,提出申訴、再審申請(qǐng);或者提出其他與審理和執(zhí)行案件相關(guān)的問題和事項(xiàng),包括檢舉或投訴人民法院及其工作人員的不當(dāng)或違法亂紀(jì)行為、進(jìn)行法律咨詢或是尋求法律援助、對(duì)相關(guān)司法問題提出意見和表達(dá)自身看法等依法應(yīng)當(dāng)由人民法院處理的活動(dòng)。其次,論述了涉訴信訪工作機(jī)制當(dāng)前問題呈現(xiàn)的“受理機(jī)關(guān)多頭化、辦理程序行政化、考核機(jī)制片面化”三大特點(diǎn)。第三,對(duì)涉訴信訪近年來的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。主要是通過引用一些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)和案例得出結(jié)論。第四,論述涉訴信訪工作機(jī)制對(duì)人民法院發(fā)展的消極影響。主要是:對(duì)審判工作(包括案件受理、審判質(zhì)量、訴訟效率)的影響;對(duì)法官隊(duì)伍(包括審判觀念、心理素質(zhì)、職業(yè)操守)的影響;對(duì)法院形象的影響以及對(duì)司法指導(dǎo)思想的影響。指出當(dāng)前各個(gè)機(jī)關(guān)單位無不是聞“訪”色變,法院上下和其他部門一樣,對(duì)于沉重的信訪負(fù)擔(dān)有一種類似于懼怕的心態(tài)。大部分法官一方面要面對(duì)日益繁重的審判工作任務(wù),另一方面還要時(shí)刻面對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的信訪形勢(shì),心理所承受的壓力愈來愈重。尤其是有些信訪案件迫于種種壓力多次進(jìn)行再審,給法院裁判的嚴(yán)肅性和權(quán)威性產(chǎn)生了直接挑戰(zhàn),影響了法院裁判結(jié)果的嚴(yán)肅性和權(quán)威性,一旦敏感信訪事項(xiàng)見諸報(bào)端、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、論壇,就會(huì)引起社會(huì)各界的廣泛關(guān)注和頻繁討論,人民法院的公正、權(quán)威形象會(huì)受到多方質(zhì)疑和詬病。第二部分對(duì)目前涉訴信訪工作機(jī)制出現(xiàn)困境的原因進(jìn)行了分析。主要從五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述:信訪機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置缺少統(tǒng)一性和協(xié)調(diào)性。由于國家各級(jí)機(jī)關(guān)分工和職能不同,國家機(jī)關(guān)內(nèi)設(shè)信訪部門相互之間沒有行政上的隸屬上的關(guān)系,所以我國在信訪機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置橫向和縱向上分散;人民法院的信訪機(jī)構(gòu)職能和權(quán)力相對(duì)比較弱化,在一定程度上解決和處理上訪人民群眾問題的辦法和能力相對(duì)有限;人民群眾“信訪”不“信法”的歷史傳統(tǒng),受“進(jìn)京告御狀、攔轎鳴冤、擊鼓鳴冤”等經(jīng)典故事的影響,老百姓在自認(rèn)為有理的情況下敗訴,就盼望找到“包青天”似的人物幫助其“申冤”;司法的權(quán)威性和公信力不夠;信訪制度在程序設(shè)計(jì)上存在缺失等。第三個(gè)部分是對(duì)改革涉訴信訪工作機(jī)制的對(duì)策研究。主要分為:增強(qiáng)信訪機(jī)構(gòu)的權(quán)力,賦予必要的職能;健全司法調(diào)解、人民調(diào)解、行政調(diào)解“三位一體”多元化協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制;加強(qiáng)法官隊(duì)伍建設(shè),從源頭上遏制涉訴信訪;建立獨(dú)立的司法權(quán)運(yùn)行機(jī)制,確保人民法院依法、獨(dú)立、公正、高效、權(quán)威地行使審判權(quán)和執(zhí)行權(quán);逐步完善與新形勢(shì)發(fā)展相適應(yīng)的信訪案件化解處理機(jī)制。其中提到要進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化司法職權(quán)的配置工作,完善司法權(quán)力分工負(fù)責(zé)、互相配合、彼此制約的機(jī)制,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化和規(guī)范對(duì)司法活動(dòng)的各項(xiàng)監(jiān)督。對(duì)人民法院各業(yè)務(wù)庭室的職責(zé)權(quán)限以及它們之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整,創(chuàng)新職責(zé)清晰、分工合理、協(xié)調(diào)有序、監(jiān)督到位的司法權(quán)運(yùn)行機(jī)制,使人民法院在審判或執(zhí)行各類案件時(shí)能夠做到分工負(fù)責(zé)、互相配合,準(zhǔn)確高效地適用法律。同時(shí)重點(diǎn)闡述了健全涉訴信訪案件終結(jié)機(jī)制。信訪人反映的合理訴求被依法解決到位,按照一定程序被認(rèn)定達(dá)到終結(jié)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)后,相關(guān)部門就不再進(jìn)行受理。終結(jié)機(jī)制的建立和完善,可以有效扭轉(zhuǎn)和改善部分信訪案件重訪、重交、重辦的不良局面。結(jié)束語是對(duì)論文的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和歸納。按照“發(fā)現(xiàn)涉訴信訪機(jī)制存在的問題-分析目前出現(xiàn)問題的原因-提出解決困境的對(duì)策”的寫作思路,得出涉訴信訪制度改革要立足當(dāng)前,首先在強(qiáng)化信訪部門職能上下功夫,在解決當(dāng)前突出問題上見實(shí)效。同時(shí)提出也要著眼長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn),逐步使信訪機(jī)制改革創(chuàng)新的過程成為人民法院傾聽人民群眾意見、合理解決當(dāng)事人訴求、著力改善民生、努力化解紛爭(zhēng)的過程。涉訴信訪問題最終還是要通過法官素質(zhì)和司法水平的逐步提升來解決。人民法院只有立足于審判職能作用的充分發(fā)揮,防范和減少社會(huì)矛盾的發(fā)生,才能最大限度地維護(hù)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:With the economic development and social progress, China is transforming from a traditional society to a modern society. The intensification of various conflicts of interest and the increase of social contradictions have led to the prominence of complaint-related letters and visits in China. At present, it is impossible to completely abolish complaint-related letters and visits. Facing the increasingly serious situation of letters and visits and the army of letters and visits, in order to eliminate and eradicate the adverse effects on the development of the people's courts, we must further reform and improve the existing mechanism of complaints and visits, so as to make it as possible to build a society under the rule of law. This article is divided into three parts. The first part discusses the current operation of the mechanism of complaint and petition involving litigation. Firstly, the concept of complaint and petition involving litigation is defined. The concept is defined as: the people's court has accepted or should accept, or is being tried or executed by the people's court. In a case, the party concerned or his interested party lodges a complaint against the judicial act of the people's court or the effective judgment rendered by the people's court, applies for retrial; or puts forward other issues and matters related to the trial and execution of the case, including prosecuting or complaining against the people's court and its staff for improper or illegal and disorderly conduct, conducting legal consultation or Seeking legal aid, expressing opinions and opinions on relevant judicial issues and other activities that should be handled by the people's court according to law. Secondly, this paper discusses the three characteristics of the current problems in the complaint-related complaint and visit mechanism, namely, multi-accepting organs, administrative procedures and one-sided assessment mechanism. Fourth, it discusses the negative influence of complaint and visit mechanism on the development of people's courts. It mainly includes the influence on trial work (including case acceptance, trial quality, litigation efficiency) and the influence on the judges (including trial concept, psychological quality, professional ethics). It is pointed out that all the organs and units of the court, like other departments, have a similar fear of the heavy burden of petition. On the one hand, most judges have to face the increasingly onerous task of trial, on the other hand. Faced with the increasingly serious situation of petition, psychological pressure is becoming more and more heavy. Especially, some petition cases are forced to retrial many times under various pressures, which directly challenges the seriousness and authority of the court's judgment and affects the seriousness and authority of the court's judgment results. Once sensitive petition matters are reported in the press The second part analyzes the reasons for the dilemma of the present litigation-related petition mechanism. It mainly discusses from five aspects: the lack of unity and coordination in the establishment of the petition mechanism. Because of the different division of labor and functions of the state organs at all levels, there is no administrative subordinate relationship between the letters and visits departments in the state organs, so the establishment of the letters and visits institutions in China is dispersed horizontally and vertically; the functions and powers of the people's court's letters and visits institutions are relatively weakened, and to a certain extent, the appeals to the people are solved and handled. The method and ability of the problem are relatively limited; the historical tradition of people's "letters and visits" not "law-abiding" is influenced by classical stories such as "complaining to the court when entering Beijing, arresting the sedan chair to complain, beating drums to complain about wrongs". The people, when they think it is reasonable to lose the lawsuit, look forward to finding "Bao Qingtian" like people to help them "claim wrongs"; the authority of the judiciary and justice. The third part is the countermeasure research on the reform of the working mechanism of complaint and visit involving litigation.It mainly divides into: strengthening the power of the complaint and visit organization, giving the necessary functions; improving the judicial mediation, people's mediation, administrative mediation "trinity" diversified coordination mechanism; strengthening the construction of the judge team. Establish an independent judicial power operation mechanism to ensure that the people's courts exercise their judicial and executive powers in accordance with the law, independently, impartially, efficiently and authoritatively; gradually improve the resolution and handling mechanism of petition cases in line with the development of the new situation. We should further strengthen and standardize the supervision over judicial activities through the mechanism of division of powers and responsibilities, coordination and mutual restraint. We should adjust appropriately the functions and powers of the various business courtrooms of the People's Court and the relationship between them so as to create a clear, rational division of responsibilities, coordinate and order the judicial power operation mechanism in place, so as to make the People's Law more effective. At the same time, it emphasizes the perfection of the termination mechanism of complaints and visits involving litigation. The reasonable appeals reflected by the petitioners are settled in accordance with the law, and the relevant departments will no longer accept the cases after they are determined to reach the termination standard according to certain procedures. The conclusion is to sum up and summarize the viewpoints of the paper. According to the writing train of thought of "discovering the problems in the mechanism of complaints and visits - analyzing the causes of the problems at present - putting forward the countermeasures to solve the difficulties" The reform of the complaint-related petition system should be based on the current situation, first of all, we should make great efforts to strengthen the functions of the petition departments and achieve practical results in solving the outstanding problems at present. At the same time, we should also focus on the long-term and gradually make the process of reform and innovation of the petition mechanism become the people's court to listen to the opinions of the people, reasonably solve the demands of the parties, strive to improve the people's livelihood, and strive Only by giving full play to the role of the judicial function and preventing and reducing the occurrence of social contradictions can the people's court maintain social harmony and stability to the maximum extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D632.8

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