政府信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障制度創(chuàng)新研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 09:16
【摘要】：政府信息公開(kāi)對(duì)于推進(jìn)政府透明行政,促進(jìn)社會(huì)進(jìn)步有重要意義。政府信息公開(kāi)有學(xué)者稱之為行政公開(kāi),也有學(xué)者稱為政務(wù)公開(kāi)。根據(jù)我國(guó)《政府信息公開(kāi)條例》第二條,本條例所稱政府信息,是指行政機(jī)關(guān)在履行職責(zé)過(guò)程中制作或者獲取的,以一定形式記錄、保存的信息。條例明確規(guī)定了我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)的概念。我國(guó)國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人很早就提出要公開(kāi)政府信息,在1988年黨的十五大報(bào)告明確提出,國(guó)家機(jī)關(guān)實(shí)行"公開(kāi)原則"。"直接涉及群眾切身利益的部門要實(shí)行公開(kāi)辦事制度"。1989年的政府工作報(bào)告提出要積極推進(jìn)政府辦事制度公開(kāi),辦事結(jié)果要公開(kāi),增加政府辦事的透明度。中央政府的重視對(duì)于推進(jìn)我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)立法有重要意義。自從2008年《政府信息公開(kāi)條例》頒行以來(lái),我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)工作取得重大進(jìn)展,但在實(shí)施過(guò)程中面臨的困難和問(wèn)題不小。探討如何將權(quán)力關(guān)進(jìn)籠子里,監(jiān)督保障政府信息公開(kāi)顯得尤為必要,政府信息公開(kāi)的監(jiān)督保障制度對(duì)于建立陽(yáng)光政府、透明政府具有重要意義,建立監(jiān)督保障制度目的在于督促政府依法行政。面對(duì)強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家機(jī)器,沒(méi)有體制機(jī)制的規(guī)制,國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)往往恣意妄為,侵害公民權(quán)利的行為時(shí)常發(fā)生。憲法保障公民的知情權(quán),公民有權(quán)獲取政府適當(dāng)?shù)男畔①Y源。現(xiàn)實(shí)中,政府會(huì)以各種理由拒絕公開(kāi)信息,以維護(hù)自身利益。信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障制度的存在就是為了制衡這種不平等的權(quán)力關(guān)系。公民是相對(duì)弱勢(shì)的一方,其知情權(quán)需要保障,就需要建立完善的監(jiān)督保障制度,規(guī)制和限制政府的行政行為,促使政府在法律框架內(nèi)行使權(quán)力,保證政府信息公開(kāi)的公正透明,保障公民獲取信息自由的權(quán)利。目前我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)的監(jiān)督保障制度還不完善,在諸多領(lǐng)域制度缺失的現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重。本文通過(guò)梳理國(guó)內(nèi)政府信息公開(kāi)存在的主要問(wèn)題,總結(jié)監(jiān)督保障制度缺失的具體原因,并借鑒美國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障制度的成熟經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出一些建設(shè)性的意見(jiàn):完善我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障制度,需要建立專門的監(jiān)察機(jī)構(gòu),加強(qiáng)對(duì)信息公開(kāi)的監(jiān)督;建立科學(xué)的政府信息評(píng)估制度;建立完善的責(zé)任追究制度;加強(qiáng)信息公開(kāi)年度報(bào)告制度的監(jiān)督作用,促進(jìn)信息公開(kāi);強(qiáng)化政府信息公開(kāi)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)管,加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的規(guī)范化建設(shè);加強(qiáng)收費(fèi)制度的完善,降低公眾獲取信息的成本,保障信息公開(kāi)的充分自由。本文采用比較分析的方法研究政府信息公開(kāi)的監(jiān)督保障制度。全文的整體思路是發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、提出建議。用比較的方法澄清了政府信息公開(kāi)的基本理論問(wèn)題,并且比較借鑒了美國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)主要經(jīng)驗(yàn)。全文分為以下三個(gè)部分:第一部分概述了政府信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障制度。首先澄清政府信息公開(kāi)的基本理論問(wèn)題,介紹了政府信息公開(kāi)的理論基礎(chǔ)、主要內(nèi)容和主要方式。進(jìn)一步概述政府信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障的含義、主體、主要制度及其作用。第二部分分析我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)現(xiàn)狀、問(wèn)題及原因。考察政府信息公開(kāi)現(xiàn)狀從立法和實(shí)踐兩方面展開(kāi),從而發(fā)現(xiàn)收費(fèi)不規(guī)范、監(jiān)督機(jī)制缺失等問(wèn)題。并進(jìn)而分析存在問(wèn)題的具體原因。第三部分提出了對(duì)完善我國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)監(jiān)督保障制度的建設(shè)性意見(jiàn)。在提出建議過(guò)程中,融入介紹了美國(guó)政府信息公開(kāi)的主要制度,通過(guò)介紹美國(guó)成熟的收費(fèi)制度、專門管理機(jī)構(gòu)、年度報(bào)告制度、政府信息評(píng)估和責(zé)任追究制度。借鑒其兒十年成功的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)于我國(guó)推進(jìn)政府信息公開(kāi)有十分重要的意義。文章從四個(gè)方面提出建議。首先,轉(zhuǎn)變政府觀念,主動(dòng)提高信息公開(kāi)意識(shí);其次,建立和完善政府信息公開(kāi)內(nèi)部監(jiān)督保障制度;再次,健全和完善政府信息公開(kāi)的外部監(jiān)督保障;最后,加快政府信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure is of great significance to the promotion of transparent government administration and the promotion of social progress. Some scholars call it administrative openness, while others call it administrative openness. The regulations clearly stipulate the concept of government information disclosure. Our country's leaders put forward to make government information public very early. In the report of the 15th National Congress of the CPC in 1988, they made it clear that state organs should implement the principle of openness. The report on the work of the government in 1989 proposes to actively promote the publicity of the government's work system, the publicity of the results and the transparency of the government's work. Great progress has been made, but there are many difficulties and problems in the process of implementation. It is particularly necessary to explore how to keep power in a cage and supervise and guarantee the government information disclosure. The supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure is of great significance to the establishment of a sunny government and a transparent government. The purpose of establishing the supervision and guarantee system is to urge the government to obey the law. The constitution guarantees citizens'right to know, and citizens have the right to access appropriate government information resources. In reality, the government will refuse to disclose information for various reasons to safeguard its own interests. The existence of the supervision and security system is to check and balance this unequal power relationship.Citizens are relatively vulnerable and their right to know needs to be guaranteed.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a perfect supervision and security system to regulate and restrict the government's administrative acts, to urge the government to exercise its power within the legal framework, to ensure the fairness and transparency of the government's information disclosure and to ensure that the government's information is guaranteed At present, the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country is not perfect, and the lack of system in many fields is more serious. This paper combs the main problems of domestic government information disclosure, summarizes the specific reasons for the lack of supervision and guarantee system, and draws lessons from the United States government information disclosure supervision. Some constructive opinions are put forward based on the mature experience of the safeguard system: to perfect the government information disclosure supervision and safeguard system, it is necessary to establish a special supervisory organization to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure; to establish a scientific government information evaluation system; to establish a perfect accountability system; to strengthen the supervision role of the annual report system of information disclosure. Promote the disclosure of information; Strengthen the network supervision of government information disclosure; Strengthen the standardization of network construction; Strengthen the improvement of the charging system, reduce the cost of public access to information, and ensure the full freedom of information disclosure. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the supervision and security system of government information disclosure. First, it clarifies the basic theoretical issues of government information disclosure. This paper introduces the theoretical basis, main contents and main modes of government information disclosure.It further outlines the meaning, subject, main system and function of government information disclosure supervision and guarantee.The second part analyzes the present situation, problems and reasons of government information disclosure in China. The third part puts forward constructive suggestions on perfecting the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country. In the course of making suggestions, it introduces the main system of government information disclosure in the United States, and introduces the mature charging system in the United States. It is of great significance for China to draw lessons from its ten-year successful development experience to promote the publicity of government information. The article puts forward suggestions from four aspects. First, change the government's concept and actively improve the awareness of information publicity; second, establish and improve government trust. Third, improve and perfect the external supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure; finally, speed up the construction of government information network management system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D63
[Abstract]:Government information disclosure is of great significance to the promotion of transparent government administration and the promotion of social progress. Some scholars call it administrative openness, while others call it administrative openness. The regulations clearly stipulate the concept of government information disclosure. Our country's leaders put forward to make government information public very early. In the report of the 15th National Congress of the CPC in 1988, they made it clear that state organs should implement the principle of openness. The report on the work of the government in 1989 proposes to actively promote the publicity of the government's work system, the publicity of the results and the transparency of the government's work. Great progress has been made, but there are many difficulties and problems in the process of implementation. It is particularly necessary to explore how to keep power in a cage and supervise and guarantee the government information disclosure. The supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure is of great significance to the establishment of a sunny government and a transparent government. The purpose of establishing the supervision and guarantee system is to urge the government to obey the law. The constitution guarantees citizens'right to know, and citizens have the right to access appropriate government information resources. In reality, the government will refuse to disclose information for various reasons to safeguard its own interests. The existence of the supervision and security system is to check and balance this unequal power relationship.Citizens are relatively vulnerable and their right to know needs to be guaranteed.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a perfect supervision and security system to regulate and restrict the government's administrative acts, to urge the government to exercise its power within the legal framework, to ensure the fairness and transparency of the government's information disclosure and to ensure that the government's information is guaranteed At present, the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country is not perfect, and the lack of system in many fields is more serious. This paper combs the main problems of domestic government information disclosure, summarizes the specific reasons for the lack of supervision and guarantee system, and draws lessons from the United States government information disclosure supervision. Some constructive opinions are put forward based on the mature experience of the safeguard system: to perfect the government information disclosure supervision and safeguard system, it is necessary to establish a special supervisory organization to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure; to establish a scientific government information evaluation system; to establish a perfect accountability system; to strengthen the supervision role of the annual report system of information disclosure. Promote the disclosure of information; Strengthen the network supervision of government information disclosure; Strengthen the standardization of network construction; Strengthen the improvement of the charging system, reduce the cost of public access to information, and ensure the full freedom of information disclosure. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part summarizes the supervision and security system of government information disclosure. First, it clarifies the basic theoretical issues of government information disclosure. This paper introduces the theoretical basis, main contents and main modes of government information disclosure.It further outlines the meaning, subject, main system and function of government information disclosure supervision and guarantee.The second part analyzes the present situation, problems and reasons of government information disclosure in China. The third part puts forward constructive suggestions on perfecting the supervision and guarantee system of government information disclosure in our country. In the course of making suggestions, it introduces the main system of government information disclosure in the United States, and introduces the mature charging system in the United States. It is of great significance for China to draw lessons from its ten-year successful development experience to promote the publicity of government information. The article puts forward suggestions from four aspects. First, change the government's concept and actively improve the awareness of information publicity; second, establish and improve government trust. Third, improve and perfect the external supervision and guarantee of government information disclosure; finally, speed up the construction of government information network management system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D63
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