本文選題：元胞自動機 + 靜態(tài)場　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文采用元胞自動機模型,在靜態(tài)場的基礎(chǔ)上引入代價因子,該因子反映室內(nèi)行人為盡快走出室內(nèi),在選擇目標(biāo)出口時需要考慮的距離和競爭因素,為兩者的加權(quán)平均(權(quán)重為k),而行人在選擇出口時會選擇代價最小的出口。模擬顯示,無論是在初始行人分布不均勻的情況下,還是室內(nèi)出口分布不對稱的情況下,多出口室內(nèi)的出口都能得到充分利用,而且即使在疏散過程中增加室內(nèi)的出口,行人也會自動適應(yīng)這種變化,使室內(nèi)出口得到充分利用,這在本文中通過設(shè)定一定條件的大廳進(jìn)行模擬后都得到了再現(xiàn)。本文還對模型中出現(xiàn)的自由調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)權(quán)重k進(jìn)行了討論,k反映的是行人的保守程度,越保守的行人越不傾向于切換出口；由于權(quán)重k可以在區(qū)間內(nèi)自由取值,但是實際關(guān)心的是在給定環(huán)境下疏散時間最少的權(quán)重k,k的獲得也是本文討論的重點之一。對最優(yōu)權(quán)重的研究表明,在大廳等室內(nèi)疏散過程中,最優(yōu)的權(quán)重k隨初始行人密度增加而減少,同時不同的室內(nèi)設(shè)定將會有不同的k,具體為較長的大廳則k越大。最后本文還利用模型易于動態(tài)增門的特點,考慮了在有應(yīng)急門的情況下的一些影響,也就是將該模型應(yīng)用于有應(yīng)急出口的室內(nèi)模擬,結(jié)果顯示應(yīng)急門打開得越早越好,應(yīng)急門打開得過晚甚至?xí)韧耆珱]有應(yīng)急門的情況還壞,而且還可以從結(jié)果看出應(yīng)急出口與疏散時間有一段線性增長區(qū)間,對于的應(yīng)急出口位置分布會給疏散過程帶來什么差異這個問題,本文設(shè)計了三種典型的應(yīng)急出口相對于常規(guī)出口的布局,并進(jìn)行了模擬對比,得出同邊應(yīng)急出口布局較利于疏散的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the cellular automata model is used to introduce the cost factor on the basis of static field. This factor reflects the distance and competition factors that should be considered in choosing the target exit when the indoor pedestrian leaves the room as soon as possible. For the weighted average of both (the weight is KG, and the pedestrian chooses the least costly exit when choosing the exit). The simulation shows that both the initial pedestrian distribution is uneven and the indoor exit distribution is asymmetrical, the multi-outlet indoor exits can be fully utilized, and even if the indoor exits are added during the evacuation process, The pedestrian will adapt to this change automatically and make full use of the indoor exit, which is reproduced in this paper through the simulation of the hall with certain conditions. In this paper, we also discuss the free adjustment parameter weight k in the model, which reflects the degree of conservatism of pedestrians, and the more conservative pedestrians are, the less inclined they are to switch exits. But it is also one of the key points in this paper that the weight k k of the minimum evacuation time in a given environment is of practical concern. The study on the optimal weight shows that the optimal weight k decreases with the increase of the initial pedestrian density in the evacuation process of the lobby, and different indoor settings will have different ks, especially for the longer hall, the larger the k. Finally, this paper takes advantage of the characteristic that the model is easy to add doors dynamically, and considers some effects in the case of emergency doors, that is, the model is applied to the indoor simulation of emergency exits. The results show that the sooner the emergency doors open, the better. Opening the emergency door too late can be worse than having no emergency door at all, and it can be seen from the results that there is a linear growth range between emergency exits and evacuation times. For the problem of how the location distribution of emergency exit will bring about the difference in the evacuation process, this paper designs three typical emergency exits relative to the conventional exit layout, and makes a simulation comparison. It is concluded that the layout of emergency exit on the same side is more favorable for evacuation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 謝積鑒;薛郁;;通過博弈的室內(nèi)行人疏散動力學(xué)研究[J];物理學(xué)報;2012年19期

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本文編號：2039101