本文選題：NGO + 就業(yè)�。� 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)問題關(guān)系到每個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,是每個(gè)國家都在致力于解決的問題。對(duì)人口眾多的中國來說,就業(yè)問題比較復(fù)雜。近一兩年中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增長速度的下滑和大學(xué)生就業(yè)人數(shù)的增加,中國的就業(yè)壓力持續(xù)加大,就業(yè)質(zhì)量屢屢下降。我國過剩的勞動(dòng)力資源已不再是我們的稟賦優(yōu)勢(shì),反而成了我國最大的社會(huì)問題。怎樣解決大量剩余勞動(dòng)力特別是大學(xué)生的就業(yè)問題,不僅是經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵,更是維系社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。盡管政府在促進(jìn)就業(yè)方面做出了很大的努力,但由于就業(yè)問題的復(fù)雜性以及就業(yè)監(jiān)管作用的不完善,就業(yè)情況還是不盡人意。 上世紀(jì)70年代的福利國際危機(jī)的出現(xiàn),政府失靈和市場(chǎng)失靈給西方國家?guī)砹斯伯a(chǎn)品提供上的問題,經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退,失業(yè)人數(shù)增加。隨著非政府組織的浮現(xiàn),以及其在社會(huì)管理問題上的參與,使得西方國家的危機(jī)得到了改善。21世紀(jì)以來,伴隨我國社會(huì)管理體制改革,NGO得到了空前發(fā)展,在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下市場(chǎng)化就業(yè)模式中NGO發(fā)揮了重要作用,它與政府和企業(yè)構(gòu)成一個(gè)滿足不同就業(yè)群體的勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。由于NGO在提供公共物品方面比政府更有效率,所以NGO提供就業(yè)服務(wù)能夠改善國家的就業(yè)問題。雖然政府和市場(chǎng)是推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)良性運(yùn)行和協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展的兩種基本機(jī)制,但隨著NGO的迅猛發(fā)展和作用的凸顯,逐漸成為一種有效的社會(huì)資源配置方式,并且在解決社會(huì)管理問題、滿足公民多樣化需求方面顯示出了自身的優(yōu)越性。NGO提供就業(yè)信息、提供就業(yè)崗位、提供培訓(xùn)服務(wù)等等作用能夠提高勞動(dòng)力群體的職業(yè)素質(zhì)和技能,因此可以完善勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng),促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)。與西方發(fā)達(dá)國家相比,無論在自身、制度還是環(huán)境方面,我國對(duì)NGO的發(fā)展研究還比較落后,存在很多因素制約著我國NGO的發(fā)展,嚴(yán)重影響其在就業(yè)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的職能。由于我國NGO的發(fā)展比較落后,政府對(duì)NGO的支持不夠,NGO方面的法律法規(guī)不健全以及自身的問題導(dǎo)致了NGO對(duì)我國就業(yè)效應(yīng)的改善比較小。 本文從我國NGO的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀出發(fā),審視NGO與勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的關(guān)系以及NGO在我國勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)問題中的角色扮演,通過改進(jìn)和完善NGO方面和勞動(dòng)力自身問題的措施,促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)就業(yè)的視角出發(fā)來緩解我國勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)率下降的問題。首先探討NGO促進(jìn)就業(yè)的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展理論,主要包括政府失靈理論、公共治理理論、第三方管理理論、三方志愿部門理論以及我國NGO提供就業(yè)的服務(wù)類型,接著從我國NGO提供就業(yè)崗位、就業(yè)培訓(xùn)、就業(yè)服務(wù)的情況來對(duì)我國NGO在就業(yè)服務(wù)領(lǐng)域里的現(xiàn)狀以及問題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的探討,NGO有自身建設(shè)的問題和社會(huì)環(huán)境問題兩大類。之后進(jìn)一步對(duì)NGO促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)的機(jī)制作用進(jìn)行了深入研究,NGO提供就業(yè)服務(wù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于它對(duì)市場(chǎng)信息和資源的掌握要比政府要多,所以由NGO提供社會(huì)服務(wù)時(shí)能夠降低交易成本,另一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)是當(dāng)政府提供公共物品時(shí),總會(huì)遇到公共選擇問題即政府和市場(chǎng)失靈,而NGO卻能夠解決市場(chǎng)失靈,對(duì)社會(huì)也有正的外部性。通過借鑒國外發(fā)達(dá)國家在NGO促進(jìn)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn),切實(shí)強(qiáng)化NGO提供就業(yè)服務(wù)的法律保障、調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、加大對(duì)NGO財(cái)政投入、改善公民的認(rèn)知理念。找出限制我國NGO發(fā)展的癥結(jié)所在,提出改善我國NGO在就業(yè)服務(wù)體系的建議和對(duì)策,主要政策和建議包括加強(qiáng)NGO自身能力建設(shè)、健全NGO吸收就業(yè)的法規(guī)體系、加大政府對(duì)NGO的財(cái)政投入、全方位的監(jiān)督機(jī)制以及聯(lián)合機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:The problem of employment is related to economic construction and social stability in every country. The problem of employment is more complex for China with a large population. In the last two years, the decline in the speed of economic growth and the increase in the number of college students, the pressure of employment in China has continued to increase, and the quality of employment has been repeated. The surplus labor resources in our country are no longer the advantage of our natural endowment, but it has become the biggest social problem in our country. How to solve the problem of employment of a large number of surplus labor, especially college students, is not only the key to the smooth development of the economy, but also the stability of the society. Although the government has made great efforts in the promotion of employment. However, due to the complexity of employment and the imperfect role of employment regulation, the employment situation is still unsatisfactory.
The emergence of the international welfare crisis of the 70s of last century, government failure and market failure have brought problems to the western countries, the economic recession, the increase of unemployment. With the emergence of non-governmental organizations and their participation in social management issues, the crisis in the western countries has been improved since the.21 century. With the reform of the social management system in China, NGO has developed unprecedentedly. In the market oriented employment model under the market economy system, NGO plays an important role. It forms a labor employment network system with the government and enterprises to meet different employment groups. Because NGO is more efficient than the government in providing public goods, NGO provides employment. Service can improve the employment problem of the country. Although the government and the market are two basic mechanisms to promote the benign operation and coordinated development of the economy and society, with the rapid development and role of NGO, the government and the market have gradually become an effective way of social resources allocation, and to solve the problems of social management and meet the diverse needs of citizens. It shows its own superiority.NGO providing employment information, providing jobs, providing training services and so on, which can improve the professional quality and skills of the labor force. Therefore, it can improve the labor market and promote the employment of the labor force. Compared with the developed countries in the west, our country has the development of NGO in our country, in terms of its own, system and environment. The development of the research is still relatively backward. There are many factors restricting the development of NGO in China, which seriously affect its function in the field of employment service. Because of the backward development of NGO in China, the lack of support from the government on NGO, the unsound laws and regulations on NGO and its own questions, the improvement of the employment effect of NGO to our country is relatively small.
Starting from the current situation of the development of NGO in China, this paper examines the relationship between NGO and the employment of labor force and the role played by NGO in the employment of labor force in our country. Through improving and perfecting the measures of NGO and the labor force itself, and promoting the employment of labor market, the problem of reducing the employment rate of labor force in our country is solved. To discuss the domestic and foreign development theory of NGO to promote employment, including the theory of government failure, the theory of public governance, the third party management theory, the theory of the three party volunteer departments and the service types of NGO in our country, and then from the situation of employment posts, employment training and employment service of our country's NGO, the present situation of our country's NGO in the field of employment service The status and problems are discussed in detail. NGO has two major categories of self construction and social environment. After that, it further studies the mechanism of NGO to promote the employment of labor. The advantage of NGO to provide employment service is that it has more information and resources than the government, so the social service is provided by NGO. While it can reduce transaction costs, the other advantage is that when the government provides public goods, it always meets the public choice problem, the government and the market failure, but NGO can solve the market failure and have positive externality to the society. By using the experience of foreign developed countries to promote the employment of labor force in NGO, we can effectively strengthen the employment of NGO to provide employment. The legal guarantee of the service, the adjustment of the industrial structure, the increase of the financial input to the NGO, the improvement of the cognitive concept of the citizens, the finding of the crux of restricting the development of NGO in China, and the suggestions and Countermeasures to improve the employment service system of NGO in China. The main policies and suggestions include strengthening the energy construction of the NGO itself, perfecting the regulatory system for the absorption of employment in NGO, and increasing the administration of the government. The government's financial input to NGO, the omni-directional supervision mechanism and the joint mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D630;D632.9;F249.2

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