本文選題：應(yīng)急響應(yīng) + 應(yīng)急指揮系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：應(yīng)急響應(yīng)是突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的好與壞直接決定了突發(fā)事件所帶來(lái)的損失的嚴(yán)重程度。在我國(guó)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)稱為應(yīng)急處置與救援。有關(guān)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)績(jī)效或評(píng)價(jià)的研究受到了國(guó)外學(xué)術(shù)界和實(shí)踐領(lǐng)域的高度重視,特別是在席卷美國(guó)南部各州的卡特尼娜颶風(fēng)后,聯(lián)邦政府在災(zāi)時(shí)的響應(yīng)表現(xiàn)飽受詬病,美國(guó)學(xué)界開始反思被其視為“靈丹妙藥”的應(yīng)急指揮系統(tǒng)(Incident Command System,即ICS)在應(yīng)對(duì)這類極端事件時(shí)究竟存在什么不足以及需要如何改革?這些研究問(wèn)題在國(guó)外已初見成果,但在國(guó)內(nèi)才剛剛起步。2009年8月國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金委啟動(dòng)了“非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急管理”的重大項(xiàng)目,此后國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)術(shù)界開始關(guān)注這類事件并開展了一系列諸如非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件“應(yīng)急處置全過(guò)程動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)估”、“應(yīng)急管理體系的組織設(shè)計(jì)理論與系統(tǒng)評(píng)估”的研究,但是究竟如何把研究成果應(yīng)用于重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急處置的實(shí)踐仍需進(jìn)一步努力。 現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是我國(guó)各級(jí)政府非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)對(duì)能力不足,應(yīng)急響應(yīng)時(shí)存在指揮組織結(jié)構(gòu)不完善、責(zé)權(quán)不明,指揮部間工作關(guān)系不暢、權(quán)力轉(zhuǎn)移無(wú)規(guī)則、協(xié)同低效等失靈現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重影響了應(yīng)急響應(yīng)階段目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織體系面臨著如何在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)有效地協(xié)調(diào)和管理響應(yīng)人員及物資以實(shí)現(xiàn)處置和救援階段任務(wù)目標(biāo)的可靠性管理問(wèn)題。這既是迫切需要解決的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題,也是研究領(lǐng)域尚未回答的研究命題。 在明確了選題背景和研究目標(biāo)后,作者提出了本文試圖回答的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：(1)非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)常見失靈環(huán)節(jié)、失靈現(xiàn)象的誘因以及失靈模式是什么?(2)非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的關(guān)鍵影響因素是什么?(3)非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠性的機(jī)理和形成路徑是什么?圍繞這些問(wèn)題,在大量文獻(xiàn)研究基礎(chǔ)上,作者針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外政府應(yīng)急管理者進(jìn)行了訪談及大樣本的問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,采用典型案例分析、數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)以及結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等方法展開上述研究。論文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究成果主要有以下幾點(diǎn)： 第一、通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)近年四起特大事故災(zāi)難案例應(yīng)急響應(yīng)過(guò)程的梳理和比較分析,論文總結(jié)了目前我國(guó)重大突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急指揮現(xiàn)狀,揭示了這類事故災(zāi)難應(yīng)急響應(yīng)失靈的常見環(huán)節(jié)以及主要原因——即應(yīng)急響應(yīng)的體制和機(jī)制不健全和不完善,在此基礎(chǔ)上論文還提出了非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)失靈基本模式。 第二、在回顧國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)影響因素與績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)的研究基礎(chǔ)上,論文提出了非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠性機(jī)理的概念模型和研究假設(shè),又采用便利抽樣方式進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查,運(yùn)用Amos軟件和SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件對(duì)所獲樣本數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理、分析和驗(yàn)證。實(shí)證研究結(jié)果表明：非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)過(guò)程中的協(xié)調(diào)能力、合作能力和溝通能力對(duì)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠性有顯著影響；而應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織的協(xié)調(diào)能力、合作能力和溝通能力又受到應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織體系的組織結(jié)構(gòu)、組織運(yùn)行機(jī)制、組織文化和組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力因素影響,因此要提高應(yīng)對(duì)非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件的響應(yīng)能力,需要通過(guò)規(guī)范應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織結(jié)構(gòu)、完善應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織的運(yùn)行機(jī)制、培育開放有利的組織文化以及提高應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力水平等與組織因素緊密相關(guān)的途徑予以實(shí)現(xiàn)。SEM分析結(jié)果還顯示,提高應(yīng)急響應(yīng)組織系統(tǒng)的溝通能力是提高應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠性的關(guān)鍵因素。 第三、在非常規(guī)突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠性機(jī)理實(shí)證研究的基礎(chǔ)上,論文還探索了提升應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠性的路徑和方法。綜合實(shí)證研究和訪談結(jié)果,四條可以實(shí)現(xiàn)應(yīng)急響應(yīng)可靠的目標(biāo)的策略分別是：建立兼具規(guī)范性和靈活性的應(yīng)急響應(yīng)體制和機(jī)制；培育具有開放精神和創(chuàng)新性的組織文化；提高應(yīng)急領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的處置能力；轉(zhuǎn)變傳統(tǒng)的應(yīng)急管理思維方式,做好應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備工作。
[Abstract]:Emergency response is the key link of emergency response management , and the good and bad response of emergency response determines the severity of the loss caused by emergency . The research on emergency response performance or evaluation has been criticized in the academic field of foreign academic and practice . In August 2009 , the national natural science fund commission initiated a series of major projects such as the whole process dynamic assessment of emergency response management , the organization design theory and system assessment of emergency management system . However , further efforts should be made on how to apply the research results to emergency disposal of major emergencies .

The reality is the inadequate response capacity of the government at all levels in our country , the imperfect structure of command organization in the emergency response , the lack of rule of authority transfer , the lack of coordination and inefficiency , which seriously affects the realization of the objective of the emergency response phase . Therefore , the emergency response organization system is confronted with the problem of how to effectively coordinate and manage the response personnel and materials within a limited time to realize the reliability management of the disposal and rescue phases . This is both an urgent problem and a research proposition that has not been answered in the field of research .

After clarifying the background of the topic and the goal of research , the author puts forward several questions to answer : ( 1 ) What is the common failure link of the emergency response of non - conventional emergency , what is the cause of failure and what is the failure mode ? ( 2 ) What are the key influencing factors of the emergency response of non - conventional emergency ?

First , through the carding and comparative analysis of the emergency response process of four special accident disaster cases in China in recent years , the paper summarizes the present situation of emergency command of major emergencies in China , and reveals the common link of the failure of emergency response of such accidents and the main reason _ that is , the system and mechanism of emergency response are not perfect and imperfect .

Secondly , on the basis of reviewing the research on the influencing factors and performance evaluation of emergency response in China and abroad , the paper puts forward the concept model and the research hypothesis of the reliability mechanism of the emergency response of non - conventional emergencies , and carries on the investigation by using the convenient sampling method . The results show that the coordination ability , cooperation ability and communication ability in the emergency response process of unconventional emergencies have significant influence on the reliability of emergency response ;
The coordination ability , cooperation ability and communication ability of emergency response organization are influenced by organizational structure , organization operation mechanism , organizational culture and leadership factor of emergency response organization system . Therefore , it is necessary to improve the response ability of emergency response organization . It is necessary to improve the organization structure of emergency response organization , improve the organization culture of emergency response organization and improve the leadership level of emergency response organization . The SEM analysis results also show that improving communication ability of emergency response organization system is the key factor to improve the reliability of emergency response organization .

Thirdly , on the basis of the empirical research on the reliability mechanism of emergency response , this paper also explores the ways and methods to improve the reliability of emergency response .
Nurturing an organizational culture with an open mind and an innovative nature ;
Improve disposal capacity of emergency leader ;
Transform the traditional mode of emergency management thinking , and do well in emergency preparedness .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D035.2
，

本文編號(hào)：1798418