本文關(guān)鍵詞： 異質(zhì)玻色子 勢(shì)場(chǎng) 行人動(dòng)力學(xué) 危險(xiǎn)程度 應(yīng)急處置　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅的日益嚴(yán)峻,大規(guī)模人群緊急疏散研究越發(fā)重要。對(duì)于事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)而言,不同位置的危險(xiǎn)程度具有顯著差異,而該差異是應(yīng)急預(yù)案和應(yīng)急處置的關(guān)鍵�，F(xiàn)有成果未發(fā)現(xiàn)表達(dá)該危險(xiǎn)程度差異性的模型方法。論文基于人群密集場(chǎng)所緊急疏散過(guò)程的動(dòng)態(tài)性,綜合人群行為模式、地形、災(zāi)害等因素,建立基于多因素集成的疏散場(chǎng)模型,以刻畫(huà)不同位置的危險(xiǎn)程度及其動(dòng)態(tài)變化。(1)修正了以距離為主要衡量因素的地面場(chǎng)元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型,引入異質(zhì)玻色子消除路徑信息對(duì)個(gè)體路線(xiàn)選擇的干擾,使模型能夠準(zhǔn)確描述行人運(yùn)動(dòng)特征。通過(guò)探討修正模型對(duì)跟隨行為、避讓行為等典型疏散者行為的表現(xiàn),刻畫(huà)了對(duì)疏散動(dòng)力學(xué)和場(chǎng)模型框架的理解。(2)通過(guò)引入行人的跟隨與避讓行為改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)勢(shì)場(chǎng)表達(dá)方法,建立了基于群體密度和速率分布的勢(shì)場(chǎng)元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型。通過(guò)與地面場(chǎng)模型進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)勢(shì)場(chǎng)模型在真實(shí)反映疏散者逃生心理和集成多因素表達(dá)方面更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過(guò)勢(shì)場(chǎng)模型深入分析雙向行人流自組織現(xiàn)象,研究了跟隨和避讓行為對(duì)自組織過(guò)程及行人流通暢性的影響。(3)基于疏散動(dòng)力學(xué),綜合考慮地形特征、事故物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散對(duì)疏散者行為的影響,提出并建立了描述危險(xiǎn)程度的疏散場(chǎng)模型。通過(guò)對(duì)模型參數(shù)進(jìn)行分析,討論了不同影響因素下疏散危險(xiǎn)程度的變化規(guī)律和特征。將疏散場(chǎng)模型應(yīng)用于北京和平西橋地鐵站場(chǎng)景,仿真毒氣事故下的人群立體疏散場(chǎng)景,分析了疏散瓶頸區(qū)域及疏散場(chǎng)的作用。并給出一般場(chǎng)景下疏散數(shù)據(jù)的獲取途徑和危險(xiǎn)程度計(jì)算的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,體現(xiàn)疏散場(chǎng)模型的適用性和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。論文創(chuàng)新之處在于：(1)引入異質(zhì)玻色子修正了路徑信息對(duì)個(gè)體路線(xiàn)選擇的干擾,建立了異質(zhì)玻色子地面場(chǎng)模型。(2)引入行人的跟隨與避讓行為改進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)勢(shì)場(chǎng)表達(dá)方法,建立了基于群體密度和速率分布的勢(shì)場(chǎng)元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型,研究了跟隨和避讓行為對(duì)自組織過(guò)程及行人流通暢性的影響。(3)綜合考慮地形因素和事故物質(zhì)擴(kuò)散以及兩者對(duì)個(gè)體疏散行為的影響,建立了能夠?qū)崟r(shí)反映疏散場(chǎng)景中不同位置危險(xiǎn)程度的疏散場(chǎng)模型。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious non-traditional security threats, the study of large-scale emergency evacuation of people is becoming more and more important. For the accident site, there are significant differences in the degree of danger in different locations. However, the difference is the key to emergency planning and emergency disposal. The existing results have not found a model method to express the difference in the degree of risk. Based on the dynamic nature of emergency evacuation process in densely populated places, the comprehensive crowd behavior model, the terrain, the characteristics of emergency evacuation in densely populated areas are discussed in this paper. Disaster and other factors, the evacuation field model based on multi-factor integration is established to describe the degree of danger in different locations and its dynamic changes.) the surface field cellular automata model, which is mainly measured by distance, is modified. The heterogeneous boson is introduced to eliminate the interference of path information to individual route selection, which enables the model to accurately describe the pedestrian movement characteristics. By discussing the performance of the modified model on the behavior of typical evacuees, such as following behavior, evading behavior, etc. In this paper, we describe the understanding of evacuation dynamics and field model frame. 2) improve the traditional potential field representation method by introducing pedestrian following and avoiding behavior. The cellular automata model of potential field based on population density and velocity distribution is established. It is found that the potential field model has more advantages in reflecting the evacuation psychology and integrating multi-factor expression. Through the potential field model, the self-organization phenomenon of two-way pedestrian flow is deeply analyzed. The influence of following and avoiding behavior on the self-organizing process and the flow of people is studied. Based on the evacuation dynamics, considering the terrain characteristics, the influence of the dispersion of the accident material on the behavior of the evacuator is studied. An evacuation field model describing the degree of danger is proposed and established. By analyzing the parameters of the model, the variation law and characteristics of evacuation hazard degree under different influence factors are discussed. The evacuation field model is applied to the scene of Beijing Heping Xiqiao subway station. This paper simulates the three-dimensional evacuation scene of the crowd under the gas accident, analyzes the function of the evacuation bottleneck area and the evacuation field, and gives the way to obtain the evacuation data and the realization method of the dangerous degree calculation under the general scenario. The innovation of this paper lies in the introduction of heterogeneous bosons to correct the interference of path information to individual route selection. The heterogeneity boson ground field model. (2) introducing pedestrian following and avoiding behavior to improve the traditional potential field representation method, and establishing the potential field cellular automata model based on population density and velocity distribution. The influence of following and avoiding behavior on the self-organizing process and the flow of people is studied. (3) considering the terrain factors and the diffusion of the accident material and the influence of the two factors on the evacuation behavior, An evacuation field model which can reflect the danger degree of different locations in the evacuation scene in real time is established.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D035;X913
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本文編號(hào)：1525267