【摘要】：通過對(duì)世界獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀分析,列舉世界獼猴桃生產(chǎn)先進(jìn)國(guó)家新西蘭在果品質(zhì)量安全方面的先進(jìn)經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合我國(guó)獼猴桃生產(chǎn)及果品質(zhì)量安全的實(shí)際,剖析陜西獼猴桃生產(chǎn)、貯運(yùn)和加工、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益現(xiàn)狀,通過文獻(xiàn)查閱、試驗(yàn)研究、田間調(diào)查、資料分析,從生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、投入品使用、采后貯運(yùn)以及生產(chǎn)環(huán)境等多方面進(jìn)行深入研究,得出影響陜西獼猴桃果品質(zhì)量安全的主要因素,結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際,提出解決陜西獼猴桃果品質(zhì)量安全問題的有效途徑,從根本上縮短與國(guó)際獼猴桃生產(chǎn)國(guó)的差距,為進(jìn)一步加快陜西獼猴桃由產(chǎn)業(yè)大省向產(chǎn)業(yè)強(qiáng)省的轉(zhuǎn)變,使其真正成為果農(nóng)致富的渠道提供借鑒,主要結(jié)果如下:1、影響陜西獼猴桃果品質(zhì)量安全的因素(1)栽培技術(shù)落后,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度低:主要表現(xiàn)在生產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)方面,不重視授粉技術(shù),果形指數(shù)較低;只注重產(chǎn)量,忽視果品質(zhì)量,過量掛果,導(dǎo)致樹體衰弱,抗性降低,潰瘍病滋生;(2)生產(chǎn)投入品混亂,化學(xué)合成物質(zhì)投入過大:為了追求產(chǎn)量,忽視有機(jī)肥的使用,過量使用膨大劑素、化肥等,也是導(dǎo)致樹體衰弱,果品質(zhì)量下降,病害滋生的重要原因之一;(3)采后貯運(yùn)不當(dāng),可食率低:為了追求效益,早采生采上市,果實(shí)養(yǎng)分積累不夠,果品質(zhì)量差;為了延長(zhǎng)市場(chǎng)供應(yīng),在貯藏期間過量使用保鮮劑和降低貯藏溫度,導(dǎo)致果實(shí)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)生理衰老,同時(shí)伴有冷(凍)害發(fā)生,導(dǎo)致果實(shí)腐敗變質(zhì);另外采收制度混亂,方法粗放也是影響果品質(zhì)量下降的主要因素;(4)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,商品性下降:近年來陜西獼猴桃主產(chǎn)區(qū)周至、眉縣周邊碎石采沙現(xiàn)象普遍,獼猴桃受粉塵、汽車尾氣污染越來越嚴(yán)重,而且在嚴(yán)重地區(qū)部分重金屬含量超標(biāo),對(duì)消費(fèi)者身心健康造成潛在威脅。2、提高陜西獼猴桃果品質(zhì)量安全的有效途徑(1)推行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù),提高管理水平:采用“大棚架”建園,“羽”狀整形,合理留枝留果,商品花粉授粉。(2)禁止使用高毒、高殘留投入品,嚴(yán)格控制化學(xué)合成激素類物質(zhì):禁止使用果實(shí)膨大劑、違禁農(nóng)藥,控制保鮮劑、化肥的使用量,增施有機(jī)肥,降低果實(shí)殘留,提高土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量。(3)制定采收貯運(yùn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),嚴(yán)把果品質(zhì)量關(guān):推行無損檢測(cè)技術(shù),以果實(shí)干物質(zhì)含量確定成熟度,以品種特性確定貯藏溫度,堅(jiān)決杜絕早采、生采,制定科學(xué)貯運(yùn)管理制度,確保商品最后一公里。(4)凈化種植環(huán)境,減少果實(shí)二次污染;加大宣傳力度,改善生態(tài)條件,減少粉塵污染,采取建立綠色隔離墻和果實(shí)套袋等方法控制果面污染。(5)建立獼猴桃果品質(zhì)量監(jiān)管制度,完善監(jiān)管體系。建立農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證等級(jí)制度,制定優(yōu)惠政策,推進(jìn)“三品一標(biāo)”,實(shí)現(xiàn)優(yōu)質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)。
[Abstract]:Based on the analysis of the present situation of kiwifruit production in the world, the advanced experiences of New Zealand in fruit quality and safety are listed, and combined with the practice of kiwifruit production and fruit quality safety in China. To analyze the present situation of kiwifruit production, storage, transportation and processing, marketing and economic benefits in Shaanxi, through literature review, experimental research, field investigation, data analysis, production technology, input use, Through in-depth study on storage and transportation after harvest and production environment, the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Shaanxi kiwifruit are obtained, and the effective ways to solve the quality and safety problems of Shaanxi kiwifruit are put forward in combination with the production practice. Fundamentally shortening the gap with the international kiwifruit producing countries, so as to further accelerate the transformation of Shaanxi kiwifruit from a big industrial province to a strong industrial province, so that it can truly become a channel for fruit farmers to become rich. The main results are as follows: 1. The factors that affect the quality and safety of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province (1) the cultivation techniques are backward and the degree of standardization is low: mainly in the key production techniques, no attention is paid to pollination technology, the fruit shape index is low, and only the yield is paid attention to. Neglect of fruit quality, excessive fruit hanging, resulting in debilitating trees, reduced resistance, canker breeding; (2) production inputs chaos, chemical synthesis of excessive investment: in pursuit of yield, ignoring the use of organic fertilizer, excessive use of bulging agents, Chemical fertilizer is also one of the important causes of tree weakness, fruit quality decline, disease breeding; (3) improper storage and transportation after harvest, low edible rate: in order to pursue efficiency, early harvesting and listing, fruit nutrient accumulation is not enough, fruit quality is poor; In order to prolong the market supply, excessive use of preservatives and lowering of storage temperature during storage results in the failure of physiological senescence of fruits and the occurrence of cold (freezing) damage, which leads to fruit corruption and deterioration; in addition, the harvesting system is chaotic. Method extensive is also the main factor that affects fruit quality decline. (4) the environmental pollution is serious, the commercial property is decreased: in recent years, the main producing area of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province is the Zhouzhi, the phenomenon of gravel and sand collection around Mei County is widespread, kiwifruit is dusty, Automobile exhaust pollution is becoming more and more serious, and some heavy metals in serious areas exceed the standard, which may cause potential threat to consumers' physical and mental health. The effective way to improve the quality and safety of kiwifruit in Shaanxi Province (1) is to carry out standardized technology. Improve management level: use "greenhouse frame" to build garden, "plume" shape plastic, reasonable stay of branch and fruit, pollination of commodity pollen. (2) prohibit the use of high toxicity, high residue input, strictly control chemical synthetic hormone: prohibit the use of fruit swelling agent, Illegal pesticides, control the use of preservatives, chemical fertilizers, increase the application of organic fertilizer, reduce fruit residues, increase the content of soil organic matter. (3) set standards for harvesting, storage and transportation, strict fruit quality control: the implementation of non-destructive testing technology, The maturity is determined by the dry matter content of fruit, the storage temperature is determined by the variety characteristic, the early harvest and the raw harvest are stopped resolutely, the scientific storage and transportation management system is formulated to ensure the last kilometer of the commodity. (4) purify the planting environment and reduce the secondary pollution of the fruit; Strengthen propaganda, improve ecological conditions, reduce dust pollution, take the establishment of green barrier and fruit bagging methods to control fruit surface pollution. (5) establish kiwifruit quality supervision system, improve the regulatory system. Establish the quality and safety of agricultural products certification system, formulate preferential policies, promote "three products, one standard" to achieve high quality and high prices.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S663.4;F322

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