【摘要】：作為構(gòu)成現(xiàn)今互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)基石的IPv4協(xié)議得到了廣泛應(yīng)用，然而由于IPv4具有有限的地址空間、路由選擇效率低、服務(wù)質(zhì)量差以及安全性不夠等缺陷，使得未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展受到了嚴(yán)重制約。隨著IPv6的發(fā)展，憑借其優(yōu)越的性能終將占據(jù)IPv4基石的地位。但由于運(yùn)營(yíng)商的骨干網(wǎng)仍以IPv4為主，人們無(wú)法接受網(wǎng)絡(luò)的暫停，因此需要一種方案在短時(shí)間低成本的情況下在現(xiàn)有的IPv4網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)上實(shí)現(xiàn)IPv6站點(diǎn)之間的互通。IPv6快速部署(IPv6Rapid Deployment，6RD)就是這樣一種方案。 本文首先介紹了IPv6的重要性，其次針對(duì)零散的IPv6網(wǎng)絡(luò)間通信研究了實(shí)現(xiàn)從IPv4到IPv6的過(guò)渡最常見(jiàn)三種技術(shù)（雙棧技術(shù)、翻譯技術(shù)和隧道技術(shù)），分析了這三種技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而展開(kāi)對(duì)6RD自動(dòng)隧道技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)的研究，具體的研究?jī)?nèi)容及主要工作如下： （1）在研究6RD自動(dòng)隧道技術(shù)原理的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)采用vxWorks嵌入式操作系統(tǒng)作為開(kāi)發(fā)的系統(tǒng)環(huán)境，以武漢烽火網(wǎng)絡(luò)有限責(zé)任公司的高端路由器作為開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)，Wind River公司提供的Tornado作為開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境，對(duì)6RD隧道進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究，重點(diǎn)分析了6RD目的地址映射算法、隧道的封裝、自動(dòng)隧道的特性。 （2）在自動(dòng)隧道實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中，本文通過(guò)將符合目的地址為隧道接口的靜態(tài)路由數(shù)據(jù)流送cpu處理，給每條不同數(shù)據(jù)流動(dòng)態(tài)生成相應(yīng)的路由表項(xiàng)，軟件計(jì)算隧道的目的地址，在芯片不支持6RD自動(dòng)隧道的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)了6RD自動(dòng)隧道。并通過(guò)內(nèi)核調(diào)用GTF定時(shí)器，定時(shí)監(jiān)控IPv6三層路由表項(xiàng)是否有相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)流通過(guò)，如果沒(méi)有流通過(guò)則刪除動(dòng)態(tài)生成的路由表項(xiàng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)6RD隧道路由的老化。 （3）設(shè)計(jì)了基于vxWorks操作系統(tǒng)的6RD總體方案及軟硬件的實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境。在總體方案基礎(chǔ)上完成了數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)和軟件模塊化的設(shè)計(jì)，編寫(xiě)6RD程序，并運(yùn)行調(diào)試。其軟件模塊化設(shè)計(jì)可以分為初始化模塊、收發(fā)包模塊、路由管理模塊以及配置模塊。初始化模塊對(duì)內(nèi)存進(jìn)行了分配，，hook函數(shù)的注冊(cè)等；收發(fā)包模塊設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)部分給出了具體的收發(fā)包處理過(guò)程；路由管理模塊設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)部分給出了6RD隧道動(dòng)態(tài)路由添加與老化過(guò)程的實(shí)現(xiàn)，配置模塊設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)部分列出了相應(yīng)的命令行及其功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。 （4）最后設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)試方案，并搭建測(cè)試平臺(tái)對(duì)其功能及性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試和驗(yàn)證。功能測(cè)試內(nèi)容包括IPv6前綴代理及域內(nèi)地址檢查功能測(cè)試、設(shè)備間基本通信測(cè)試、同時(shí)支持IPv4和IPv6的基礎(chǔ)業(yè)務(wù)和應(yīng)用測(cè)試。性能測(cè)試包括吞吐量測(cè)試、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)延測(cè)試和過(guò)載丟包率測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。
[Abstract]:As the cornerstone of Internet technology, IPv4 protocol has been widely used. However, because IPv4 has limited address space, routing efficiency is low, quality of service is poor, and security is not enough. So that the development of the future network has been severely restricted. With the development of IPv6, its superior performance will eventually occupy the status of the cornerstone of IPv4. However, because the backbone network of operators is still dominated by IPv4, people cannot accept the suspension of the network. Therefore, a solution is needed to implement the interworking between IPv6 sites on the existing IPv4 network architecture in a short time and low cost. The IPv6Rapid deployment 6RD is one such scheme. This paper first introduces the importance of IPv6, then studies the three most common technologies (double stack technology, translation technology and tunnel technology) to realize the transition from IPv4 to IPv6, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of these three technologies. Then the research on the design and implementation of 6RD automatic tunnel technology is carried out. The specific research contents and main work are as follows: (1) on the basis of studying the principle of 6RD automatic tunnel technology, By adopting the vxWorks embedded operating system as the system environment, taking the high-end router of Wuhan Fiberhome Network Co., Ltd as the development platform and the Tornado provided by Wind River as the development environment, the paper makes a detailed study on the 6RD tunnel. This paper mainly analyzes the 6RD destination address mapping algorithm, the encapsulation of the tunnel, and the characteristics of the automatic tunnel. (2) in the implementation of the automatic tunnel, the static routing data stream which conforms to the destination address as the tunnel interface is sent to cpu for processing. The routing table items are dynamically generated for each different data stream, and the destination address of the tunnel is calculated by the software. The 6RD automatic tunnel is realized when the chip does not support the 6RD automatic tunnel. The GTF timer is called by the kernel to monitor whether there is a corresponding data flow through the IPv6 three-layer routing table items, and if there is no flow through, the dynamically generated routing table items are deleted. The aging of 6RD tunnel routing is realized. (3) the overall scheme of 6RD based on vxWorks operating system and the implementation environment of hardware and software are designed. On the basis of the overall scheme, the data structure design and the software modularization design are completed, the 6RD program is written, and the debugging is run. Its software modularization design can be divided into initialization module, sending and receiving packet module, routing management module and configuration module. The initialization module registers the memory allocation hook function, and the design and implementation of the transceiver packet module give the process of receiving and sending packets. The design and implementation of the routing management module gives the implementation of the dynamic routing adding and aging process of the 6RD tunnel. The configuration module design and implementation part lists the corresponding command line and the implementation of its functions. (4) finally, the test scheme is designed. And build a test platform to test and verify its function and performance. Functional testing includes IPv6 prefix agent and intra-domain address checking function testing, basic communication test between devices, and basic business and application testing supporting IPv4 and IPv6. Performance tests include throughput testing, forwarding testing, and overload packet loss testing. The test results meet the design requirements.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP393.04

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