【摘要】：汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展提高了其對(duì)整車物流行業(yè)的整體要求,商品車運(yùn)輸?shù)某杀�、質(zhì)量、服務(wù)等各項(xiàng)物流指標(biāo)都相應(yīng)提高。由于我國(guó)的商品車物流行業(yè)起步較晚,與國(guó)外的商品車運(yùn)輸車比起來,我國(guó)的轎運(yùn)車多為在通用貨車的基礎(chǔ)上改造而成,技術(shù)水平較為落后,主要表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面:其一,轎運(yùn)車自動(dòng)化水平不高,商品車的裝載方式主要依靠人力手工操作,裝載效率較低;其二,轎運(yùn)車配載不夠科學(xué),由于裝載人為操作,主要靠個(gè)體依據(jù)以往經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行主觀判斷,缺少科學(xué)方法的引導(dǎo),造成轎運(yùn)車配載不優(yōu)化,運(yùn)載工具即轎運(yùn)車的運(yùn)力浪費(fèi)。本文吸取國(guó)外轎運(yùn)車的先進(jìn)技術(shù),并結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)轎運(yùn)車運(yùn)輸經(jīng)驗(yàn),針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)整車物流企業(yè)所面臨的物流成本問題設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)了新型雙層液壓轎運(yùn)車的車架結(jié)構(gòu),并進(jìn)行了配載空間的優(yōu)化,以達(dá)到專用轎運(yùn)車輛的配載水平,使結(jié)構(gòu)更加科學(xué)合理。本文主要的工作內(nèi)容包括以下三個(gè)方面:(1)完成新型轎運(yùn)車車架鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)。在符合我國(guó)道路交通對(duì)貨運(yùn)車輛外廓尺寸參數(shù)的要求下,選擇整體式專用汽車列車作為轎運(yùn)車基本結(jié)構(gòu)形式,確定新型雙層轎運(yùn)車的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和尺寸參數(shù),使轎運(yùn)車市場(chǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了三層疊裝的裝載形式。并且在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合CATIA三維建模平臺(tái)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)模塊,創(chuàng)建新型轎運(yùn)車專用型材庫(kù),建立了新型轎運(yùn)車三維結(jié)構(gòu)模型,也方便了后續(xù)優(yōu)化的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)。(2)對(duì)新型轎運(yùn)車進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化配載研究。針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)整車物流配載不科學(xué)問題,將服裝下料的二維排樣算法引入到轎運(yùn)車優(yōu)化配載當(dāng)中來,而這類問題屬于典型的組合優(yōu)化的NP完全問題。利用多邊形運(yùn)算實(shí)現(xiàn)排樣,排樣過程中運(yùn)用遺傳算法對(duì)多邊形空間利用率進(jìn)行優(yōu)化判斷,通過改變遺傳迭代次數(shù),使整個(gè)配載達(dá)到最優(yōu)化。(3)開發(fā)了配載系統(tǒng)的可視化界面。將優(yōu)化配載方案落實(shí)到商品車的擺放位置以及角度,并根據(jù)擺放位置及角度坐標(biāo)完成對(duì)轎運(yùn)車貨臺(tái)角度擺放,從而完成新型轎運(yùn)車桁架結(jié)構(gòu)及載貨臺(tái)放置。本課題中不僅在液壓雙層轎運(yùn)車在單位體積裝載商品車數(shù)量及疊裝的裝載方式上,給國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有轎運(yùn)車市場(chǎng)一個(gè)很大的啟示,同時(shí)運(yùn)用服裝下料、零件切割的二維多邊形排樣算法進(jìn)行了轎運(yùn)車優(yōu)化配載方面的嘗試,并取得了良好的效果,驗(yàn)證了其可靠性和實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:The development of automobile industry has raised the overall requirements of the whole automobile logistics industry, and the cost, quality, service and other logistics indexes of the commercial vehicle transportation have been raised accordingly. Because of the late start of the commodity vehicle logistics industry in our country, compared with the foreign commercial vehicle transport vehicle, most of the sedan cars in our country are transformed on the basis of general freight cars, and the technical level is relatively backward, mainly in two aspects: first, The automatization level of sedan car is not high, the loading mode of commercial vehicle mainly depends on manual operation, and the loading efficiency is low. Second, the loading of the sedan car is not scientific enough, because of the artificial operation of the car, the subjective judgment is mainly based on the individual's previous experience, and the lack of scientific method leads to the unoptimization of the loading of the car, and the waste of the carrying capacity of the vehicle. Based on the advanced technology of foreign sedan cars and the experience of domestic sedan car transportation, this paper designs and develops the frame structure of a new double-layer hydraulic sedan carrier in view of the logistics cost problems faced by domestic vehicle logistics enterprises. The loading space is optimized in order to reach the loading level of the special sedan car and make the structure more scientific and reasonable. The main work of this paper includes the following three aspects: (1) complete the design of the new car frame steel structure. In accordance with the requirements of road traffic in China for the external dimension parameters of freight vehicles, the integral special purpose vehicle train is selected as the basic structure form of the sedan car, and the structural form and dimension parameters of the new double-decker sedan car are determined. So that the sedan car market realizes the loading form of three-tier stacking. On this basis, combined with the structural design module of CATIA 3D modeling platform, the special profile library of the new sedan car is established, and the three-dimensional structural model of the new sedan car is established. It also facilitates the parametric design of subsequent optimization of steel structure. (2) the optimal loading of the new sedan car is studied. Aiming at the unscientific problem of domestic vehicle logistics loading, this paper introduces the two-dimensional layout algorithm of garment cutting into the optimal loading of sedan car, and this kind of problem belongs to the typical NP complete problem of combinatorial optimization. In the process of layout, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the polygon space utilization ratio, and the number of genetic iterations is changed. The whole stowage is optimized. (3) the visual interface of the stowage system is developed. The optimal stowage scheme is implemented to the position and angle of the commercial vehicle, and the angle of the platform is arranged according to the position and angle coordinate, so that the new type of truck truss structure and the loading platform are put in place. In this paper, not only in the number of goods loaded per unit volume and the stacking loading mode, but also in the current market of sedan car in China a great inspiration is given to the hydraulic double-decker sedan car, and at the same time, the clothing material is used. The two-dimensional polygonal layout algorithm for cutting parts is used to optimize the loading of sedan car, and good results are obtained, and the reliability and practicability of the algorithm are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U463.84

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本文編號(hào)：2301520